危重患者血钠紊乱诊断与临床处置  

Diagnosis and management of sodium disorders in critically ill patients

作　　者：任晓旭[1] Ren Xiaoxu(Emergency Department, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, China（ Ren XX)

机构地区：[1]首都儿科研究所重症医学科,北京100020

出　　处：《中国小儿急救医学》2016年第10期649-654,659,共7页Chinese Pediatric Emergency Medicine

摘　　要：血钠紊乱是危重患者常见的电解质紊乱，是预后不良、病死率增加的重要危险因素。血浆渗透压变化在血钠紊乱的病理生理机制及处置过程均起关键作用，低钠和高钠血症临床诊断必须评估患者容量状态。血钠紊乱病因复杂，临床处置细节要求高，处置不当会造成神经系统不可逆性损伤。仔细评估，动态密切监测是治疗成功的关键。Sodium disorders are common findings in critically ill patients. Sodium disorders are asso-ciated with an increased risk of poor prognosis and mortality. Changes of plasma osmolality plays a critical role in the pathophysiology and treatment of sodium disorders. Patients′volume status should be assessed for diagnostic approach of hyponatremia and hypernatremia. The etiology and pathophysiology of sodium disor-ders are various and complex. High detail requirements are essential for clinical management. Improper dis-posal can cause irreversible damage on the nervous system. Careful assessment and close clinical monitoring are the key to successful treatment.

关 键 词：血钠紊乱 低钠血症 高钠血症 血浆渗透压 容量状态 重症监护 

分 类 号：R459.7[医药卫生—急诊医学]