基于船舶营运数据的海运废气排放量测算  

Methods to Estimate Exhaust Emissions from Sea-Going Ships According to Operational Data

作　　者：邢辉[1] 段树林[1] 梁炳南[1] 刘勤安[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学轮机工程学院,辽宁大连116026

出　　处：《中国航海》2016年第3期93-98,共6页Navigation of China

基　　金：交通运输部科技计划项目(2015328225150);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(3132016336)

摘　　要：为准确测算全球范围内的海运废气排放,提出一种基于船舶营运数据的测算方法。建立基于燃料消耗的排放测算模型,确定与燃料相关的排放因子和与设备相关的排放因子;建立基于船舶活动过程的排放测算模型,确定不同负荷工况下燃油消耗率与柴油机负荷之间的对应关系,并根据燃油消耗率和基于燃料消耗的排放因子得到54台不同类型柴油机基于能量消耗的排放因子。应用所建立的2种测算模型,计算并对比目标船2014年的废气排放量,以验证利用自上而下和自下而上2种方法得到的海运废气排放量测算结果的有效性。结果表明:2种模型得到的CO_2排放量近似相等,但基于船舶活动过程的NOx,CO,SO_2和PM排放量分别比基于燃料消耗的计算结果偏高13.47%,4.88%,3.92%和1.87%;计算结果具有可比性但也表现出差异。基于燃料消耗的排放测算方法比较简便易行,而基于船舶活动过程的排放测算结果相对更准确。To estimate accurately the global shipping emissions,an operational data-based estimation approach for exhaust emissions from sea-going ships is proposed. The fuel consumption-based emission calculation model is established,and the fuel-related emission factors and the equipment-related emission factors are defined. The ship activity-based emission calculation model is also established. Moreover,the relationships of Specific Fuel Oil Consumptions（ SFOC） against engine load are fitted based on emissions test reports of 54 marine diesel engines. The energy-based emission factors of different types of marine diesel engines for NOx,CO,CO2,SO2 and PM are determined by combining the conversion of energy-based emission factors and fuel-based emission factors. The two emission calculation models on a target ship in 2014 are calculated to verify the effectiveness of the estimating results based on top-down and bottom-up methods respectively. The results show that the CO2 emissions based on the two models are approximately equal,but the ship activity-based NOx,CO,SO2 and PM emissions are more than the fuel consumption-based emissions by 13. 47%,4. 88%,3. 92% and 1. 87% respectively.The fuel consumption-based emissions calculation method is relatively simple; however,the results from ship activity-based emissions calculation method are relatively more accurate.

关 键 词：海上运输 废气排放 排放因子 燃油消耗率 海运船舶 

分 类 号：X736.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]