大蒜与烤烟轮作对烟草黑胫病的防治效果及作用机理初探  

Control effects of tobacco and garlic rotation on tobacco black shank and a preliminary study on the inhibition mechanism

作　　者：钏有聪 张立猛[2] 焦永鸽[2] 罗丽芬[1] 方玉婷[3] 廖静静[1] 计思贵 朱书生[1] 杨敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农业生物多样性与病虫害控制教育部重点实验室,云南生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,昆明650201 [2]云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司,玉溪653100 [3]云南省烟草公司昭通市鲁甸县分公司,鲁甸657100

出　　处：《中国烟草学报》2016年第5期55-62,共8页Acta Tabacaria Sinica

基　　金：云南省烟草公司科技计划(2012YN42);云南农业大学自然科学青年基金资助项目(2015ZR01);云南省科技计划面上项目(2016FB148)

摘　　要：为探讨大蒜和烤烟轮作对烟草黑胫病的防治效果,本试验研究了大蒜根系分泌物及主要成分对烟草黑胫病菌的影响。结果表明,大蒜根系分泌物能显著抑制游动孢子的游动及休止孢的萌发;大蒜根系分泌物中的苯并噻唑和2种含硫化合物二烯丙基二硫醚、烯丙基甲基二硫醚对烟草黑胫病菌菌丝生长均具有较强的抑菌活性,其抑制活性均随着供试浓度增加而增强。从而证实:大蒜和烤烟轮作可以通过大蒜的根系分泌抑菌物降低烟草黑胫病的发生和危害,实现病害的生态防控。Control effects of tobacco and garlic （Allium sativum） rotation on tobacco black shank for four consecutive years were monitored and the antimicrobial activity of garlic root exudates and its contained compounds against Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae were analyzed. Results demonstrated that incidence of tobacco black shank was significantly reduced after rotation with garlic, and tobacco production was also significantly improved. Root exudates secreted by garlic could inhibit zoospore motility and cystospore germination. Benzothiazole, diallyl disulfide ether and methyl allyl disulfide ether, contained in the root exudates of A. sativum, showed strong inhibitory activity against mycelium growth of P. parasitica vat. nicotianae, and inhibitory activity was dose-dependent. Garlic rotated with tobacco not only effectively control occurrence and damage of tobacco black shank, but also increase tobacco yield, partly due to the antifimgal activity ofA. sativum root exudates, which are useful to achieve ecological control of tobacco diseases.

关 键 词：大蒜 烟草黑胫病 作物轮作 根系分泌物质 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]