纳米二氧化钛对职业人群健康效应的横断面研究  

Evaluation of health effect among occupational population exposed to nano-titanium dioxide： a cross-sectional study

作　　者：徐华东[1] 周敬文[2] 唐仕川[3] 孔凡玲[4] 李新伟[2] 沈臻霖[3] 颜玲[2] 陈章健[1] 赵琳[1] 贾光[1] 张济[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院劳动卫生与环境卫生学系,100191 [2]山东省济南市疾病预防控制中心环境与职业卫生所 [3]北京市劳动保护科学研究所职业安全健康北京市重点实验室 [4]山东省疾病预防控制中心职业与环境卫生监测评价所

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2016年第11期976-981,共6页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：基金项目：国家科技支撑计划（2014BA112804）;北京市科学技术研究院2015创新团队计划课题（IG201402C1）

摘　　要：目的探讨纳米二氧化钛职业接触对工人健康效应的影响。方法于2014年9月，选择山东省某纳米二氧化钛生产企业的85名男性工人作为调查对象，其中纳米二氧化钛接触组44名，对照组41名。采用自行设计的调查问卷，收集工人的基本情况、吸烟饮酒史、既往史、家族史和职业接触史等。分析比较两组调查对象的血压、血常规和血生化指标。应用多元线性回归模型，控制年龄、吸烟、饮酒和BMI等混杂因素，分析接触二氧化钛对血常规、血生化及血压各生理指标的影响。采用简单随机方法，从接触组和对照组中各选取25名工人，使用胞质分裂阻滞微核试验评价遗传损伤情况。使用Poissin回归模型，控制年龄、吸烟、饮酒和BMI等混杂因素，分析接触纳米二氧化钛对微核率和微核细胞率的影响。结果接触组纳米二氧化钛气管支气管表面积浓度、肺泡表面积浓度以及纳米二氧化钛颗粒数P50（P25～P75）分别为35．35（24.31～57．42）、173．09（116．27- 270．72）μm2/cm3以及40244．00（17803．50～78679．00）个／cm3，均高于对照组[33．90（27．44—43．29）、150．50（125．82～192．87）μm2/cm3以及18721．00（12721．00～51898．50）个／cm3]（Z值分别为15．47、15．96、14．54，P值均〈0．001）。多元线性回归分析结果表明，调整年龄、吸烟、饮酒、BMI的影响后，接触纳米二氧化钛对平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）、血清肌酐（CREA）水平及LDL-C影响较大，β’值分别为0．23、-0．51和0．30（P值均〈0．05）。接触组外周血淋巴细胞微核率和微核细胞率P50（P23～P75）分别为3．00‰（1．50‰～5．00‰）和3．00‰（2．00‰～4．00‰），均高于对照组[2．00‰（1．00‰～4．50‰）和2．00‰（1．00‰ - 4．00‰）]（Z值分别为0．59、0．61，P值均〉0．05）。控制年龄、BMI、吸烟和饮酒等影响因素Objective To characterize the heahh effects of nano-titanium dioxide exposure in an occupational cohort. Methods Eighty-five male employees of a nano-titanium dioxide manufacturing enterprise in Shandong Province were evaluated in September 2014. Forty-four were exposed to nano-titanium dioxide （exposure group）, and 41 were not exposed to nano-titanium dioxide （control group）. We collected employees＇ basic information, smoking and drinking history, previous medical history, family history, and occupational history. Differences in blood pressure, hematological parameters, and blood biochemistry between the two groups were analyzed and compared. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of nano-titanium dioxide exposure on blood pressure, hematological parameters, and blood biochemistry indices after controlling for age, smoking, drinking, and body mass index （BMI）. Twenty-five employees from the exposure group and 25 employees from the control group were selected at random for measurement of genetic damage by cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Poisson regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of nano-titanium dioxide exposure on micronucleus frequency or micronucleus cell frequency after controlling for age, smoking, drinking, and BMI. Results The median （P25-P75） surface area concentration of particles deposited in the tracheobronchial region, the surface area concentration of particles deposited in the alveolar region, and particle number concentration in the exposure group were 35.35（24.31-57.42）μm2/em3, 173.09（116.27-270.72）μm2/cm3, and 40 244.00 （17 803.50- 78 679.00）/cm3, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those in the control group 33.90 （27.44-43.29） μm2/em3, 150.50（125.82-192.87）μm2/cm3, and 18 721.00 （12 721.00-51 898.50）/cm3, respectively. Z values were 15.47, 15.96, and 14.54, respectively （P〈0.001 for all three values）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that exposure to nano

关 键 词：职业暴露 职业卫生 微核试验 纳米二氧化钛. 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]