FY-3C微波温度计资料的台风“威马逊”垂直结构研究  

Investigating the vertical structure of typhoon "Rammasun" using FY-3C MWTS measurements

作　　者：王祥[1,2] 任义方[3] 李勋[4] 何小东[5] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室,气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室,气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心资料同化研究与应用中心,江苏南京210044 [2]海南省南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室,海南海口570203 [3]江苏省气象局公共服务中心,江苏南京210008 [4]海南省气象局气象服务中心,海南海口570203 [5]民航西北空管局气象中心,陕西西安710082

出　　处：《遥感学报》2016年第6期1328-1334,共7页NATIONAL REMOTE SENSING BULLETIN

基　　金：南京信息工程大学人才启动费(编号:S8113066001);南海气象防灾减灾重点实验室开放基金(编号:SCSF201402);国家自然科学基金(编号:41365005)~~

摘　　要：风云三号C星(FY-3C)携带的微波温度计(MWTS)辐射资料能够穿透非降水云,因此非常适合热带气旋的监测和结构研究。本文使用MWTS观测资料和逐步多元线性回归方法反演晴空和有云两种不同大气状况下的垂直温度廓线。晴空条件下,使用MWTS通道3—10的观测亮温进行大气温度廓线的反演,而有云情况下,仅使用通道5—10,并且两种状况下的逐步线性回归反演都通过1%的信度检验。研究结果表明在晴空状况下,大气各层温度反演的均方根误差都在1.4 K以下,足够精确到可以用于热带气旋上层暖心结构的反演。通过对台风"威马逊"周围温度廓线的反演研究,可以清楚地观察到200 hPa高度层上台风的暖心结构和沿着台风中心的温度梯度热结构,明显优于美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)再分析资料得到的台风暖心结构。在大气温度廓线反演基础上,先由采用静力平衡计算各层大气台风"威马逊"周围的位势高度场,再由梯度风平衡计算台风周围的水平切向风,结果显示最大风速半径约80km,最大风速达51m/s,且由低层向高层逐步减弱。Owing to the deficiency of conventional observations over oceans, particularly under typhoon conditions, numerical simulation has become the foremost approach to the study of the thermal and dynamic structures of typhoons, and the accuracy of the numerical simulation depends on the initial structure of the typhoon and the accuracy of the model. As the first operational satellite, FY-3C was successfully launched into a morning-configured orbit on September 23, 2013. The MWTS onboard the FY-3C is designed with significantly more channels, finer spatial resolution, and better sensor precision than those of FY-3A and FY-3B.Moreover, the observed radiance is insignificantly affected by non-precipitating clouds, making MWTS measurements more suitable to detect the thermal features of typhoons, Radiance in the microwave band is linearly proportional to the entire layer of atmospheric temperature. The weighting functions of all the sounding channels of MWTS are substantially steady, and atmospheric temperature at a given pressure can be expressed as a linear combination of brightness temperatures measured at certain sounding channels. In this study, a stepwise linear regression analysis with a 1% significance level is used. Under a clear-sky condition, the brightness temperatures at channels 3-10 are used to retrieve the temperatures at 21 pressure levels ranging from 100 hPa to 1000 hPa, but channels 3 and 4 are not used for retrieval under precipitation conditions. When the temperature profiles are retrieved, the tangential winds around typhoon ＂Rammasun＂ are calculated using hydrostatic equilibrium and gradi- ent balance equations based on the retrieved temperature profiles. Under a clear-sky condition, the root-mean-square error of the retrieved temperature is 1.4 K at the most and even lower than 1.1 K in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. These error values are sufficiently low; thus, the thermal structure of typhoons can be monitored. Applied to the super typhoon ＂Rammasun＂, the method excelle

关 键 词：微波温度计 台风 暖心 切向风 

分 类 号：P444[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P407.7