协同萃取机制的研究现状及展望  

Research and Prospect on Synergistic Solvent Extraction Mechanism

作　　者：孙启[1] 杨丽梅[1] 黄松涛[1] 徐政[1] 李岩[1] 胡祎罕娜 

机构地区：[1]北京有色金属研究总院生物冶金国家工程实验室,生物冶金国家工程实验室,北京100088

出　　处：《稀有金属》2016年第11期1177-1187,共11页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：科技部国家国际科技合作专项(2014DFA90920)资助

摘　　要：介绍了协同溶剂萃取技术的特点和发展历程,以有机酸/中性萃取剂组成的协同萃取体系为例,总结了协同效应产生的4种原因;综述了协同萃取反应的协萃系数、萃合物组成、萃取反应平衡、萃取热力学和萃合物结构等机制方面的研究现状;列举了等摩尔法、饱和容量法、斜率法、两相滴定法、X射线衍射、电子光谱法、分子振动光谱、核磁共振和X射线吸收精细结构谱学等协萃机制的研究方法,并详细阐述了这些方法的优缺点和适用范围以及在协同萃取机制研究方面的应用现状和研究进展;指出了当前在协萃机制研究方面存在的不足,并评估了核磁共振和X射线吸收光谱在协同萃取机制研究方面潜在的应用价值,展望了未来协萃机制研究的发展方向,为协萃机制研究的发展及萃取工艺实践提供了有益参考。The characteristics and development of synergistic solvent extraction in recent years were introduced. With the synergistic solvent extraction system of organic acids and neutral extractants as an example, this paper summarized causes of synergistic effects. Progress of research on various aspects of synergistic extraction mechanism was reviewed in detail, such as synergistic coefficient, complex species, thermodynamic equilibrium and complex structure. The advantages and disadvantages of several methods including stoichiometry, slope method, diphasic titration, X-ray diffraction, electron spectroscopy, molecular vibration spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy methods, which were usually applied to studying synergistic solvent extraction mechanism, were concluded in particular. The shortage existed in the field of mechanism research of synergistic solvent extraction was proposed. Potential development direction and methods of synergistic extraction mechanism such as nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy methods that should be further studied were also proposed as well.

关 键 词：协萃机制 协同萃取 反应平衡常数 萃合物结构 

分 类 号：O6-332[理学—化学] X751[环境科学与工程—环境工程]