渍水对黑龙江不同年代育成大豆品种特性的影响  

Effect of Waterlogging on Characteristics of Soybean Cultivars Released in Different Years in Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：郑伟[1,2] 西天一 郭泰[1] 王志新[1] 李灿东[1] 张振宇[1] 刘婧琦[1] 刘忠堂[1] ZHENG Wei XI Tian-yi GUO Tai WANG Zhi-xin LI Can-dong ZHANG Zhen-yu LIU Jing- qi LIU Zhong-tang(Jiamusi Branch Academy of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Jiamusi 154007 Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Workstations, Harbin 150086, China Agronomy College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [2]黑龙江省农科院博士后工作站,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]东北农业大学农学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《大豆科学》2016年第6期937-942,共6页Soybean Science

基　　金：黑龙江省科技创新工程(2014ZD009);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-04-CES05)

摘　　要：为了明确黑龙江省不同年代育成大豆品种抗涝能力的遗传改良趋势,选用黑龙江省1985-2010年育成的5个代表性主栽大豆品种为试材,采用盆栽试验模拟田间渍水灾害,分别在盛花期设置渍水7和14 d处理,以常规水分处理为对照,研究渍水对大豆植株形态、根系活力、生理指标及粒重的影响。结果表明:株高、单株叶面积、根体积、根表面积、根干重降低百分率以及冠根比增加百分率在渍水7和14 d条件下均呈先降低后升高的变化趋势;根系活力降低百分率呈现先降低后升高的变化趋势;叶色值和净光合速率降低百分率呈先降低后升高的趋势;丙二醛(MDA)增加百分率呈先降低后升高的趋势,过氧化物酶(POD)活性和可溶性糖(SS)含量呈相反的变化趋势;单株粒重降低百分率呈先降低后升高的趋势;以上各性状变化百分率与品种育成年代相关均达到显著或极显著水平。从不同年代育成品种植株形态、光合生理、根系活力、叶片部分生理指标变化规律可以看出,黑龙江省不同年代育成大豆品种抗涝能力呈先升高后降低的趋势。In order to clear the genetic improvement tendency of anti-water-logging capacity of different years soybean varieties in Heilongjiang Province, five representative major soybean cuhivars bred in Heilongjiang Province from 1985 to 2010 were used as test materials. The watedogging treatment had been done in full-blossom period for 7 and 14 days respectively in order to study the effect of plant morphology, root activity, physical signs and grain weight in pot experiment. The contrast was common water treatment. The results showed that the decrease percentage of plant height, plant leaf area, root volume, root superficial area, root dry weight and the increase percentage of root/shoot ratio decreased firstly and then increased under waterlogging treatment 7 and 14 days. The decrease percentage of root activity decreased firstly and then increased. The decrease percentage of leaf color and net photosynthetic rate decreased firstly and then increased. The increase percentage of malondial- dehyde （MDA） also decreased firstly and then increased. The peroxidase （POD） and soluble sugar （SS） showed a opposite trend. The decrease percentage of plant grain weight decreased firstly and then increased. Change percentage of all above characters had reached a significant level or extremely significant level between different breed years. The change rule of plant morphology, photosynthetic physiology, root activity and the leaf physical signs indicated that the anti-water-logging capacity of different breed years soybean cuhivars increased firstly and then decreased.

关 键 词：大豆 不同年代 抗涝能力 遗传改良 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]