联合梯田农业文化遗产稻田土壤养分空间变异特征  

Spatial variability of soil nutrients in the agricultural heritage systems of Lianhe terraced fields

作　　者：高灯州 闵庆文[3] 陈桂香[1,2] 章文龙[1,2] 胡伟芳[1,2] 王维奇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理研究所,福州350007 [2]湿润亚热带生态-地理过程教育部重点实验室,福州350007 [3]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第21期6951-6959,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41571287;31000209);福建省科技厅重点项目(2014Y0054;2014R1034-3);福建省自然科学基金项目(2014J01119);福建省尤溪县人民政府委托项目(全球重要农业文化遗产申报书)

摘　　要：研究稻田土壤养分(有机质(OM)、碱解氮(AN)、有效磷(AP)和速效钾(AK))空间分布特征对稻田的科学科学管理具有重要意义。选取联合梯田稻田土壤作为研究对象,基于半变异方差函数分析土壤养分的空间变异性,并进一步分析地形因子对其影响。结果表明:(1)联合梯田稻田土壤OM、AN、AP和AK含量范围分别为3.6—49.9 g/kg、67—423 mg/kg、3.1—79.6 mg/kg和15—300 mg/kg;其变异系数范围为24.23%—63.9%,均属于中等变异水平;(2)将土壤养分分为5级,包括偏高(Ⅰ)、丰富(Ⅱ)、中等(Ⅲ)、缺乏(Ⅳ)和偏低(Ⅴ),区内土壤OM和AN丰富,Ⅱ级以上水平分别占94.5%和88.5%;而AP和AK则较为缺乏,IV级以下水平分别占37%和51.5%;(3)土壤OM、AN和AP具有强烈的空间自相关性,表明其主要受结构因素影响;而AK为中等强度的空间自相关,表明其同时受结构和随机因素控制;AN和AK空间自相关尺度较大,且在步长小于2000 m和1600m时,各方向(0°、45°、90°和135°)变化平稳,为各向同性,而OM和AP变程较小,且各方向变化复杂,为各向异性。这些结果表明,政府需加强施肥指导,合理增加磷肥和钾肥,适当降低氮肥施用和秸秆还田量。此外,在后续调查采样时,适当加密OM和AP采样点布设,而AN和AK采样可以在此基础上适当减少样点。Terraced fields are an important part of agricultural heritage systems and play a production. Soil nutrients （ organic matter [ 0M ] ; available nitrogen [ AN ] ; available phos vital role in agricultural phorus [ AP ] ; available potassium [ AK ] ） are essential for improving the physical and chemical properties of soil, for protecting the environment, and for sustaining agricultural development. However, developments in terrace agriculture, such as changes in the cropping system, cultivation measures, and fertilization levels, lead to available regarding the spatial variability of soil Heritage Systems, the Lianhe terraced fields are understand the spatial variability of soil nutrients changes in soil nutrients. However, little information is nutrients in terraced fields. As part of China＇s Important Agricultural worth protecting and developing. The aim of this study was to better （ OM, AN, AP, and AK） for the scientific management of the Lianhe terraced fields. The field study was carried out in the Lianhe terraced fields, and the spatial variability of soil nutrients was analyzed based on a semivariogram, and the effects of topographic factors （ elevation, gradient, topographic wetness index, topography relief, and sediment transport index） on soil nutrients were further analyzed. The results showed that the concentrations of OM, AN, AP, and AK varied in the ranges of 3.6 to 9 g/kg, 67 to 423 mg/kg, 3.1 to 9.6 mg/kg, and 15 to 300 mg/kg, with the coefficient of variation being 24.23%--63.9%, respectively. The soil nutrient levels were divided into five grades, which were slightly higher （ Ⅰ ）, abundant （ Ⅱ ）, medium （ Ⅲ ）, deficient （ Ⅳ ）, and low （ Ⅴ ）. Most of the rice fields were rich in OM and AN, which accounted for 94.5 and 88.5% above the Ⅱ nutrient level. Some areas were lacking AP and AK, which accounted for 37 and 51.5% below the IV nutrient levels. The ratio of nugget （ Co/（ Co＋ C） ） of OM, AN, and AP were 12.09, 16.89, and 11.76%, respectivel

关 键 词：土壤养分 空间结构 地统计学 联合梯田 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]