秸秆还田对双季稻产量及氮磷径流损失的影响  

Effects of Straw-Returning on Double Cropping Rice Yield and Runoff Loss of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Paddy Fields

作　　者：朱坚[1,2,3] 纪雄辉[1,2,3] 田发祥[1,3] 吴家梅[1,3] 刘昭兵[1,3] 彭华[1,3] 张振兴[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,农业部长江中游平原农业环境重点实验室,湖南长沙410125 [2]中南大学研究生院隆平分院,湖南长沙410125 [3]南方粮油作物协同创新中心,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2016年第11期1626-1634,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD15B04);湖南省农业种植业面源污染发生与防控机制研究(2016JC2028)

摘　　要：为探索减少稻田氮磷流失的有效耕作措施,以南方典型黄壤双季稻田为研究对象,采用田间长期定位观测试验,研究了连续7 a（2008—2014年）秸秆还田（RFS）替代38.7%的N、40.8%的P2O5和42.7%的K2O晚稻化肥投入与常规化肥（RF）处理对双季稻产量、地表径流中ρ（TN）、ρ（NH4＋-N）、ρ（NO3--N）、ρ（TP）、ρ（DP）（DP为溶解态总磷）的影响.结果表明：与常规化肥处理相比,秸秆还田处理不仅可从源头上减少晚稻化肥投入,还可降低稻田径流液中氮、磷养分含量,分别使TN和TP流失量减少12.6%、9.7%;氮流失主要以DIN（可溶性无机氮）为主,DIN/TN（DIN输出量在TN输出量中所占比例）为66.2%-70.8%;磷流失主要以DP（可溶性磷酸盐）为主,DP/TP（DP输出量在TP输出量中所占比例）为60.1%-65.9%;秸秆还田处理下早稻较常规化肥处理有增产趋势,增幅为4.5%-10.1%,晚稻有减产风险,但减产差异不显著,平均减幅为6.3%.因此,秸秆长期还田是一种秸秆资源有效利用和节肥增效减失的耕作方式.In order to explore effective agronomy measures to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus runoff from paddy fields,a seven-year,longterm（ 2008-2014） field experiment was carried out in paddy fields cultivated with double rice each year. The fields were located on typical yellow soil in the south of China. The experiment consisted of two treatments： in treatment rice-with-chemical-fertilizer（ RF）,the mineral nutrients N,P2O5 and K2O were added by applying chemical fertilizer in both early and late rice seasons; in treatmentrice-withrice-straw-and-reduced-chemical-fertilizer（ RFS）,the mineral nutrients were added with chemical fertilizer in the early rice season,and in the late rice season,partial mineral nutrients of N（ 38. 7%）,P2O5（ 40. 8%） and K2O（ 40. 8%） from chemical fertilizer were reduced,but the reduced amounts were then supplemented by the rice straw on the element mass conservation. During the early and late rice growing seasons,water samples of surface runoff were collected to analyze total nitrogen（ TN）,ammonium nitrogen（ NH4＋-N）,nitrate nitrogen（ NO3--N）,total phosphorus（ TP）,total dissolved phosphorus（ DP） as well as the yield of double rice. The results showed that the TN of runoff loss was significantly reduced（ P〈0. 05） by 12. 6% in the RFS treatment versus the RF treatment,but TP of runoff loss was reduced by 9. 7% without significant change. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen was the predominant losing nitrogen form in the runoff,of which dissolved inorganic nitrogen comprised 66. 2%-70. 8%. However,soluble phosphate was the predominant losing phosphorus form in runoff; there was 60. 1%-65. 9% percent of soluble phosphate in runoff. Meanwhile,the yields in the early season were increased in the RFS treatment by 4. 5%-10. 1% versus RF treatment. However,the yields in the late season were reversely decreased with an average decline of 6. 3% in RFS treatment,but no significance was found between RFS and RF. It was concluded that long-term straw-returning to t

关 键 词：秸秆还田 水稻产量 养分 径流损失 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]