论私法的公共性维度——“公共性私法行为”的四维体系  

The Publicity of the Private Laws——Four Dimensions of ‘Private Conduct with Publicity'

作　　者：蒋大兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2016年第6期61-74,共14页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"社会主义市场经济中的公共商行为及其规制--勘定政府与国企的契约边界研究"(项目号:14ZDC019)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：今日之私法已不纯然是关乎私人领域的法律,私法中存在公共关系与公共利益,且这种公共关系及公共利益元素几乎遍及私法的全部,从私人财产权、到私法主体、再到私法行为以及私法责任,都体现了超越传统私法形象的公共性的一面。公共财产权、公共法人、公共民事/商事行为、公共私法责任的兴起,是否意味着要对传统的私法结构进行重构?我们用何种法律模式去调整公共民事/商事行为?这是今天经常被忽略的问题。一些国家采取单行法模式回应私法公共性的部分领域,例如,对公共法人,单独制定公共企业法予以调整,对公共财产单独制定公共财政法/财产法予以保护。此种集约立法,有助于凸显私法行为的公共性,引起社会对其特别关注。但私法的公共性在不同领域,其表现程度存在差异,并非所有"公共性的表现"均需单独立法。惟在观念上,有必要形成"公共民事/商事行为"的法律架构,以公法及私法的观念,交错调整该种行为,才能构造适当规范,满足公共性私法行为之调整需求——遗憾的是,此前的私法构往往忽略这种观念。Private laws have covered private property,private party,private action and private responsibility and so on,there are so many public interests,therefore,the private laws are not only about private matters today. Whether the rising of public property,public legal person,public civil / business conduct and private responsibility with publicity produces the need of reconstruct the private structure？ What patterns should we impose on the regulation of private conduct with publicity？ This matter is ignored by us. Some countries chose to enact special laws like public legal person law and public property law to regulate the public part during private domain. The pattern concentrates the special matters was highlighting the public nature of private things.But it failed to capture the differences among the different domains because not all of the ‘public performances＇ need to enact a law. The appropriate regulation should be a pattern which interlace the public law concept with private law concept,then develop a legal structure of‘public civil / business conduct＇. Unfortunately,we failed to do that in present private structure.

关 键 词：私法 公共性 公共财产 公共法人 公共民事/商事行为 

分 类 号：D920.0[政治法律—法学]