2015～2016年徐州机务段机车乘务室噪声对机乘人员听力影响调查  

Survey on the influence of the noise level in the locomotive cabin room on the crew members' hearing in Xuzhou locomotive section,2015-2016

作　　者：张琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海铁路局南京疾病预防控制所,江苏徐州221005

出　　处：《预防医学论坛》2016年第9期655-658,共4页Preventive Medicine Tribune

摘　　要：目的了解机乘人员作业场所噪声污染情况及噪声对机车乘务人员听力的影响,探讨不同车型不同驾龄等因素对噪声性听力损害的关系,为职业性噪声性职业病防控措施提供科学依据。方法 2015年1月至2016年6月对徐州机务段机车乘务室噪声水平及其机乘人员听力影响情况进行调查,采用SPSS 13.0统计软件对数据进行处理,采用t、χ2检验进行分析。结果牵引机车乘务室噪声监测59台(内燃机车33台、电力机车26台),内燃机车和电力机车乘务室噪声强度各为(80.3±5.64)和(63.4±10.17)dB(A)(P<0.01);机车司机听力损失检出率为5.95%,其中内燃机车乘务员听力损失率高于电力机车乘务员(P<0.01),机车司机驾龄组别与听力损失率呈正相关(P<0.05);不同车型不同高频(3 000、4 000、6 000HZ)机车乘务员听力损失率比较均有显著差异性(P<0.01或<0.05),即内燃机车乘务员高频听力损失率均高于电力机车乘务员,且二者听力损失率在高频(4 000HZ)均高于高频(3 000、6 000 HZ);内燃机车乘务员听力损伤程度高于电力机车乘务员(P<0.01),均未出现重度听力损伤。结论噪声污染是损害司机听力主要因素,接触噪声强度越大、驾龄越长,听力损失率越高。Objective To understand the influence of noise pollution and noise in workplace on the crew members＇ hearing, explore the relationship between the noise-induced hearing impairment and the factors such as different types of vehicle and driving years,so as to provide the scientific basis for prevention and control measures of professional and noise-induced occupational disease. Methods During January 2015-June 2016,a survey was conducted on the noise level of loco motive conductor rooms and its influence on the crew members＇ hearing in Xuzhou locomotive section, the SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used to process the data,and t and χ^2 inspection was adopted for analysis. Results The noise level was monitored on 59 engines in the traction locomotive conductor rooms （diesel locomotives, 33, electric locomotives, 26）. The noise intensity of diesel locomotives and electric locomotive was 80.3 ± 5.64 dB（A） and 63.4±10.17 dB（A）（ P 〈 0. 01 ）. The detection rate of train drivers＇ hearing damage was 5.95 %. Hearing loss rate of diesel locomotive stewards was higher than that of electric locomotive stewards （ P 〈0.01）and the driving age groups were positively associated with hearing loss prevalence（ P d0.05）. The comparison of the stewards＇ hearing loss rate in different kinds of vehicles and high frequencies（3 000,4 000,6 000 HZ） had significant difference （ P 〈0.01 or 0.05） and the former were all higher than the latter and both hearing loss rate were higher in high frequency （4000 HZ）than high frequency （3000,6000 HZ）. Diesel locomotive stewards hearing loss rate was higher than that of electric locomotive stewards（ P 〈0.01）. Both had no severe hearing loss. Conclusion The noise pollution is a major factor causing the damage of drivers＇ hearing. The stronger the noise intensity contact and the longer the driving experience, the higher the hearing loss rate.

关 键 词：噪声 机乘人员 听力危害 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]