新疆杏子生产现状及存在的问题  

Status and Problems of Apricot Production in Xinjiang

作　　者：赵多勇[1] 康露[1] 王成[1] 万刚[2] 姜艳艳 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所农业部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(乌鲁木齐)新疆农产品质量安全实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆奇台县动物疾病预防控制中心,奇台831800 [3]新疆昌吉州第二中学,昌吉831100

出　　处：《农业工程》2016年第5期53-56,共4页AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：国家农产品质量安全风险评估重大专项(项目编号:GJFP201600302);自治区青年博士科技人才项目(项目编号:2013731010);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(项目编号:2014M562484)

摘　　要：通过对新疆杏子园实地调查和近9年新疆杏子生产现状与存在问题分析,旨在为制定杏子质量安全发展战略和产业规划提供有力参考。采用实地调查、查阅文献资料等方法,对新疆杏子生产现状及存在问题进行阐述。结果表明,新疆杏子主产区主要集中在喀什地区的英吉沙县、莎车县、疏附县、叶城县和巴州轮台县、阿克苏地区的库车县及克州阿克陶县等;赛买提、小白杏、黑叶杏、树上干、巴仁杏和明星杏等为代表的品种为新疆杏子的主栽品种。2005—2010年,新疆杏子面积由15.8万hm^2增长至21.2万hm^2,产量由76.9万t增长至174.5万t,优势区域更加明显,品牌效应逐渐显现,组织化水平不断提高。由于近年来频繁发生的病虫害和灾害性天气,再加上深加工水平相对落后,2011—2013年期间,杏子面积逐年开始缩减,至2013年,杏子面积缩减至13.6万hm^2,其质量安全水平及产业链的延伸面临严峻的挑战。科技支撑能力不足、管理粗放和集约化生产水平低等是新疆杏子产业可持续发展的主要制约因素。今后应从加大科技支撑力度、提高管理水平及集约化生产规模等方面提升杏子质量安全水平及延伸产业链。According to investigation on the Xinjiang apricot garden and nearly nine years of Xinjiang apricot production status,purpose was to provide a powerful reference for development strategy of apricot quality and safety and industrial planning. Present situation and existing problems of Xinjiang apricot production were described by field investigation and literature review. Results showed that Xinjiang apricot producing areas mainly concentrated in Kashi district,such as Yingjisha county,Shache county,Shufu county,Yecheng county and Luntai county in Bazhou area,Kuche county in Aksu area and Aketao county in Kezhou area. Between 2005 and 2010,the area of apricot in Xinjiang increased from 158000 hectares in 2006 to 212000 hectares in2010,yield by the increase of 769 000 tons to 1 745 000 tons,Xinjiang apricot area steadily production continued to grow more obvious regional advantage,the representative varieties such as Saimaiti,Little White Apricot,Heiye Apricot,Hang Dry Apricot,Baren Apricot and Star Apricot have become main cultivated varieties in Xinjiang. The brand effect was gradually emerging while the level of organization continues to improve. With exports increased year by year,frequent occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and disaster weather,coupled with level of deep processing of relatively backward,during 2011—2013,apricot area has started to shrink,to 2013,apricot area reduced to 136000 hectares. The level of quality and safety and extension of industrial chain were facing severe challenges because of frequent occurrence of pests and diseases. Insufficient science and technology support ability,low level extensive management and intensive production were main factors which restrict sustainable development of apricot industry in Xinjiang. Increasing science and technology support,improving management and intensive production level should be done in the future to improve level of quality and safety of apricot and extend industrial chain.

关 键 词：新疆 杏子 生产现状 产业链 

分 类 号：F326.13[经济管理—产业经济]