凉山州HIV母婴传播率相关因素分析  

Analysis on related factors of mother-to-child transmission rates of HIV in Liangshan Prefecture

作　　者：孙玲玲[1] 蒲杰[1] 傅晓冬 许跃忠[1] 布的尔波[3] 唐英[3] 梁家智[1] 何丹[1] 刘敬涛[1] 郑姝娟[1] 廖辉[1] 何朝华[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省妇幼保健院,四川成都610045 [2]西南医科大学附属医院,四川泸州646000 [3]凉山州妇幼保健院,四川西昌615000

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2016年第22期4837-4841,共5页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：四川省科技厅科技支撑项目(2014SZ0114)

摘　　要：目的 分析凉山州HIV母婴传播率的相关因素,为预防艾滋病母婴传播（PMTCT）,调整艾滋病防控政策,降低艾滋病母婴传播率提供决策依据。方法 对2012-2014年凉山州医疗保健机构检测发现的可追踪的HIV感染孕产妇抽样调查了200例,收集和分析相关资料。结果 200例HIV感染孕产妇中55.5%年龄分布在20~29岁,76.5%是文盲或半文盲,74.5%服用抗病毒药物治疗,新生儿用药率89.0%,78.0%在生后6 h内用药,HIV感染孕产妇的婴儿死亡率50.0‰,95.5%采用人工喂养,所生婴儿中81.0%进行了HIV检测,阴性148例（74.0%）,阳性14例（7.0%）,母婴传播率为8.6%。婴儿存活情况、喂养情况、婴儿用药情况、婴儿生病情况、年龄别体重评价、年龄别身长评价、孕产妇用药与未用药、孕产妇用药时间及孕产妇的文化程度等因素与艾滋病母婴传播率有关（P〈0.05）。结论 应加强政府政策支持,多部门合作,早期发现感染者;加强阳性妇女的随访,减少非意愿妊娠。进一步完善妇幼保健三级网络,提高孕早期检测率,尽早规范用药,提高孕产妇和新生儿抗艾滋病毒用药率。选择适宜的喂养方式,强调人工喂养,强调随访到位,及时进行HIV早期诊断和抗体检测,降低艾滋病母婴传播率。Objective To analyze the related factors of mother-to-child transmission rates of HIV in Liangshan Prefecture, provide decision-making basis for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV, adjusting HIV prevention and control policy and reducing HIV transmission rate from mothers to children. Methods Two hundred HIV-infected pregnant women were surveyed in Liangshan Prefecture from 2012 to 2014, the related data was collected and analyzed. Results Among the 200 HIV-infected pregnant women, 55.5% of them were from 20 to 29 years old, 76.5% of them were illiterate or semi-literate, 74. 5% of them took antiviral drugs, 89.0% of the neonates were treated by medicine, and 78.0% of them took medicine within 6 hours after birth. Infantile mortality was 50. 0%0 among the infants born by HIV-infected pregnant women, 95.5% of them were fed by artificial feeding, 81.0% of them received HIV test, 148 infants （74. 0% ） were negative and 14 infants （7.0%） were positive, mother-to-child transmission rate was 8.6%. Mother-to-child transmission rate of HIV was correlated with infantile survival rate, feeding condition, medicine usage, health status, weight for age, length for age, ma- ternal drug usage, duration time of drug usage, and maternal educational level （P〈0. 05） . Conclusion Policy support and muhisectoral cooperation should be strengthened to detect HIV-infected people earlier. Follow-up visit of positive women should be strengthened to reduce unwanted pregnancy. Three-level maternal and child health care network should be improved to improve early detection rate, implement standard medication, and increase anti-HIV drug usage rates among pregnant women and neonates. Suitable feeding ways should be selected to emphasize artificial feeding, increase follow-up visit rate and carry out HIV early diagnosis and antibody detection in time so as to reduce mother-to-child transmission rate of HIV.

关 键 词：孕产妇 艾滋病 母婴传播率 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]