转发式测定轨技术及其研究进展  

Research progress of the technology of orbit observation and determination via transfer(OODT)

作　　者：杨旭海[1,2] 丁硕[3,4] 雷辉[1,2] 曹芬[1,2] 李志刚[1,2] 郭际[1,2] 李伟超[1,2] 孙保琪[1,2] 陈亮[1,2] 黄承强[1,2] 成璇[1,2] 弓剑军[1,2,3] 龚婕[5] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家授时中心,西安710600 [2]中国科学院精密导航定位与定时技术重点实验室,西安710600 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]北京卫星导航中心,北京100094 [5]清华大学,北京100084

出　　处：《时间频率学报》2016年第3期216-224,共9页Journal of Time and Frequency

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(11033004);国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(11173026)

摘　　要：基于卫星双向时间传递原理,国家授时中心提出了转发式卫星测定轨方法,已将GEO通信卫星的测定轨精度提高到米级水平。近年来,转发式测定轨技术不断发展完善,观测目标已由单一GEO卫星扩展到北斗IGSO卫星(I1-S)。本文描述了转发式测量模型,并给出了转发式测定轨新系统对GEO卫星和北斗IGSO卫星(I1-S)的测定轨结果。经过试验验证,GEO、IGSO卫星的重叠弧段的轨道差的RMS值已分别达到2 m和0.9 m。长期的试验应用和分析表明,转发式测定轨技术的主要特色和优越性在于:转发测距与钟差分离,便于实现精密定轨;以精密时间测量为基础,测距精度高(2 cm),并且不受气象条件制约;使用微波频段和扩频技术,易于远距离测轨;该技术所需的星上透明转发器载荷成熟且易于小型化。从未来应用来看,转发式测定轨技术适用于中高轨航天器的精密测定轨,尤其对高轨卫星测定轨有明显优势,可用于开展相关科学研究。Based on the TWSTFT principle, an original idea of orbit determination called ‘orbit observation and determination via transfer（OODT）＇ was proposed by the national time service center, the Chinese academy of sciences. With this method, the orbit determination precision for GEO satellites has been improved to the level of several meters. For recent years, the technology of OODT has been developed and perfected gradually, with the targets extended from GEO satellites to IGSO satellite in BDS. In this article, the measuring model for observing satellites via DOOT has been depicted and the up-to-date orbit determination results for GEO satellites and IGSO satellite（I1-S） are given. The test have verified that the RMS value of the orbit difference for overlapped segmental arc obtained by using OODT for GEO and IGSO satellite have reached 2 m and 0.9 m respectively. The long-term experiments and applications have shown that the main characteristics and superiorities for OODT technology are as follows： it is the range but not the pseudo-range that is obtained, which separates the satellite clock offset form the range determining, facilitating the precise orbit determination; the OODT technology is not restricted by the weather and it is based on the precise time measuring, reaching a good range determining precision（2 m）; it is easy to realize remote measuring with microwave frequency and spread spectrum technology; the transponder on the satellite is mature and easy to be mini-typed. It has been shown that the application of OODT to precise orbit determining for middle/high orbit spacecrafts, especially for high orbit satellites, has obvious advantage, being useful for relevant scientific research.

关 键 词：卫星双向时间频率传递 转发式测定轨技术 GEO卫星 IGSO卫星 

分 类 号：P127.1[天文地球—天体测量]