吉林省不同生态区玉米施氮效果与氮肥利用效率差异  

Differences in Yield Response and N Use Efficiency of Maize Crops in Different Ecological Zones of Jilin Province

作　　者：王寅[1] 郭聃[1] 高强[1] 焉莉[1] 宋立新[2] 刘振刚[2] WANG Yin GUO Dan GAO Qiang YAN Li SONG Lixin LIU Zhengang(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Soil Resources in the Commodity Grain Bases in Jilin Province, Changchun 130118, China Soil and Fertilizer Station of Jilin Province, Changchun 130012, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院/吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室,长春130118 [2]吉林省土壤肥料总站,长春130012

出　　处：《土壤学报》2016年第6期1464-1475,共12页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02);公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201103003)资助~~

摘　　要：整理2005—2013年吉林省"3414"田间试验,选取不施氮和推荐施氮处理数据,研究不同生态区玉米的氮肥施用效果和肥料利用效率现状,探讨区域差异及其影响因素。结果显示,吉林省不同生态区的玉米产量水平差异显著,总体上以中部半湿润平原区最高,其次是东部湿润山区,西部半干旱平原区相对较低。不同生态区玉米施氮效果也存在差异,其中东部最高,施氮的平均增产量与增产率分别为2.44 t hm-2和38.4%,其次为中部(2.40 t hm-2,34.3%),西部则显著偏低(2.21 t hm-2,33.4%)。相比中、西部地区,东部地区玉米的氮肥利用效率显著较高,其平均氮肥农学利用率、偏生产力和肥料贡献率分别为16.6 kg kg-1、65.9 kg kg-1和25.0%。随不施氮处理产量的提高,各生态区施氮处理产量均呈上升趋势而氮肥贡献率呈下降趋势,其中,西部地区的相对变幅较中、东部地区更为明显。可见,应根据区域气候环境条件和施氮响应特征对氮肥进行合理的配置与施用,建议吉林中部地区以维持作物需求为标准适当减少施氮量,东部地区可适度增加施氮量并配合栽培措施以消减光温资源不足对产量的限制,而西部地区应在培肥地力基础上推广高效节水用水技术,发挥水氮耦合效应以促进高产高效。【Objective】Jilin Province is one of the leading maize production regions in China,and could be divided into three ecological zones,i.e. Central semi-humid plain area（CSPA）,Eastern humid mountainous area（EHMA）and Western semi-arid plain area（WSPA）,based on their significant differences inenvironment includingtopography,landform,climate condition and vegetation. Interestingly,the maize crops growing in these eco-zones differ in yield,yield response to fertilizationand use efficiency of N fertilizer. But how it comes about is still not well understood. 【Method】Hence,a field experiment,coded as＂3414＂,was conducted with plots distributed in all the eco-zones of Jilin Province as a part of the national soil-test-based fertilization recommendation program during the years of 2005-2013. The field experiment was designed to have two treatments,i.e. Treatment-N（No N fertilizer applied）and Treatment ＋N（N fertilizerapplied as recommended）. The data of the two treatments were collectedfor analysis of yield response to fertilization and use efficiencies of N fertilizer of the crop relative to eco-zone,and their influencing factors. 【Result】Results show that the crop varied sharply in yield with the eco-zone,being the highest in the CSPA,medium in the EHMA,and the lowest in the WSPA. On average,the maize yield of Treatments-N was 8.1 t hm^（-2） in the CSPA（ranging from 3.1 to 13.5 t hm^（-2））,7.3 t hm^（-2） in the EHMA（ranging from 2.4 to 12.7 t hm^（-2））and 7.2 t hm^（-2） in the WSPA（ranging from 3.7 to 11.7 t hm^（-2））;while that of Treatments ＋N was 10.5 t hm^（-2）（ranging from 5.4 to 15.8 t hm^（-2））,9.8 t hm^（-2）（ranging from 5.3 to 16.9 t hm^（-2））and 9.4 t hm^（-2）（ranging from 4.3 to 14.9 t hm^（-2））in the three ecological zones,respectively. Not only was maize yield significantly affected by ecological zone,yield responseof the crop to N fertilizer was too. The highest maize yield responses to N fertilizer were observed

关 键 词：吉林省 生态区 区域差异 氮肥 产量 肥料利用效率 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学] S513[农业科学—农业基础科学]