减氮条件下秸秆炭化与直接还田对旱地作物产量及综合温室效应的影响  

Contrasting effect of straw return and its biochar on changes in crop yield and integrated global warming effects under different nitrogen levels

作　　者：韩继明[1,2] 潘根兴[1,2] 刘志伟[1,2] 张硕硕[1] 熊旭东[1] 吕振[1] 郑聚锋[1,2] 张旭辉[1,2] 刘晓雨[1,2] 李恋卿[1,2] 卞荣军[1,2] 程琨[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所,江苏南京210095 [2]江苏省有机固体废弃物资源化协同创新中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2016年第6期986-995,共10页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371300;41371298);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD11B00);南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院SRT项目(1413C30)

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在研究秸秆及生物质炭形式还田下减施氮肥对旱地作物生产及温室效应影响，以期为农业低碳生产及秸秆资源化利用提供依据。[方法]本研究选取华北平原典型旱地土壤（褐土）为研究对象，设置不同施氮水平并配合秸秆直接还田与生物质炭还田施用，对连续两个作物生长季（玉米-小麦）的产量及温室气体排放进行观测。共设置了7个施肥处理：1）不施肥处理（CK）；2）常规秸秆还田配施全量化肥氮处理（SN100）；3）秸秆还田配施化肥减氮10％处理（SN90）；4）秸秆还田配施化肥减氮20％处理（SN80）；5）生物质炭配施全量化肥氮处理（BN100）；6）生物质炭配施化肥减氮10％处理（BN90）；7）生物质炭还田配施化肥减氮20％处理（BN80）。采用静态箱-气相色谱法，在玉米-小麦轮作体系中进行全生育期土壤温室气体排放观测，并测定作物产量。[结果]在保持作物产量稳定的条件下，秸秆两种还田方式均可降低10％～20％的氮肥施用，但秸秆还田配合氮肥减施对作物产量的影响因作物类型而异。减施氮肥显著影响土壤温室气体排放，N2O随氮肥施用量减少显著降低；CH4排放主要表现为弱吸收汇；而秸秆还田处理的CO2排放随氮肥的减少而呈增加趋势，对应生物质炭还田处理的CO2排放变化趋势相反。进一步结合作物产量分析表明，相对于常规秸秆还田措施，秸秆直接还田和炭化还田配合氮肥减施可使土壤温室气体排放强度（GHGI）分别降低36．40％-40．48％和40．48％-53．50％。[结论]生物质炭还田可在稳定旱地作物产量的前提下实现氮肥减施与低碳生产。[ Objectives ] The aim of the paper is to explore rational management in low-carbon agricultural production and straw resource reclamation. [ Methods] A typical dryland in China North Plain was selected and different levels of N application with biochar/straw were set up in this study to investigate the combination effect of the way of straw return under N levels on greenhouse gases emission, crop yield throughout a year-round field experiment. Seven treatments were conducted on the cinnamon soil from Xinxiang, Henan Province, including non-fertilizer treatment（CK） ,total fertilizer treatment（ SN100 and BN100）, 10% of N-reduced treatment（ SN90 and BN90） and 20% of N-reduced treatment（ SN80 and BN80）with straw/biochar respectively. The greenhouse gases （CO2, CH4 and N2O） were monitored through the whole growing season using the static chamber-gas chromatograph method, and the crop yields were also determined in a wheat-maize rotation. [ Results] The amount of N fertilizer could be reduced 10%-20% under the two ways of straw return under the premise of yield stability. But the reduced amount of N fertilizer was related to crop type. The N2O emission decreased with the amount of N application. A small sink effect was found in CH4 emission among each treatment. Emission of C02 increased with the reduction of N application for straw return, while it decreased with the reduction of N application for biochar return. Considering crop yield,the GHGI was significantly decreased by 36.40%-40.48% and 40.48%-53.50% under straw return and biochar application compared to that of SN100, due to N fertilizer reduction respectively. [ Conclusions ] Biochar amendment was a feasible management to stabilize crop yield in the way of reduction of N fertilizer and low carbon production in dryland.

关 键 词：旱地 生物质炭 减施氮肥 作物产量 综合温室效应 

分 类 号：S216.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]