中等收入阶层幸福感测度及影响因素研究  

Study on the measurement and influencing factors of subjective well-being in middle income class in China

作　　者：余红伟[1,2] 沈珺[1,2] 李丹丹[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学质量发展战略研究院,湖北武汉430072 [2]宏观质量管理湖北省协同创新中心,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2016年第11期115-123,共9页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"我国宏观经济与微观产品服务质量双提高机制研究"(批准号:15JZD023)

摘　　要：基于2014年中国质量观测调查的数据,实证测度了转型时期中国中等收入阶层的幸福感,并运用统计描述、相关性分析以及结构方程模型等方法,从财富拥有、社会福利与个体能力三个维度分析了幸福感的影响因素与作用机制。研究结果表明:1中等收入阶层幸福感女性高于男性,农村人群高于城市人群,已婚人士高于未婚人士,在不同的年龄阶段、教育程度、职业类型以及家庭结构中,幸福感呈现明显差异;2个人目标实现能力、社会公平与物价稳定是影响中等收入阶层幸福感最为显著的因素,而家庭消费、消费环境以及社会治安是相对不显著的影响因素;3财富拥有、社会福利会以及个体能力三个维度的因素均与幸福感显著正相关,其中个体能力维度对幸福感的正向作用最大;个体能力除了直接正向作用于幸福感之外,还会通过正向地影响财富拥有及社会福利来间接作用幸福感。因此,当前中国中等收入阶层幸福感的关键影响因素在于个体能力维度。进一步优化经济社会发展结构与环境,为中产阶层个体能力展现提供公平畅通的渠道,是转型时期提升中等收入阶层幸福感的首要之义。Based on the data from Chinese quality observational survey in 2014, this paper empirically measures the subjective wellbeing of the middle income class in China, and furtherly investigates the influencing factors from the dimensions of weathh possession, social welfare and individual capability. Methodologies of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and structural equation modeling are taken separately. The results indicate that： （1）for the subjective well-being of middle-income class, the female is higher than male, rural is higher than urban, married is higher than unmarried, and it also varied in education, age, occupations and family structure; （2） the most three influencing factors are the ability to achieve personal goals, social justice and the price stability, while the less three factors are household consumption, consumption environment and social security; （3）all factors in the dimensions of wealth possession, social welfare and individual capability are significantly positive correlated with sujective well-being, and especially, the individual capability plays the most important role. Moreover, the individual capability plays not only a direct positive effect but also an indirect positive effect through both wealth possession and social welfare on the subjective well-being of middle income class. Therefore, the key influencing factors of the subjective well-being in Chinese middle income e]ass happiness lies in the individual ability dimension. Furthedy to optimize the environment for economic and social development and to provide fair channels for middle class individuals to show their capability should be the primary way to promote the subjective well-being of middle income class during the transition period in China.

关 键 词：中等收入阶层 幸福感 财富拥有 社会福利 个体能力 

分 类 号：C915[经济管理]