不同站网密度对热带气旋降水气候统计特征分析的影响  

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT DENSITY STATION ON CLIMATE STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES PRECIPITATION

作　　者：鲁小琴[1] 余晖[1] 应明[1] 漆梁波[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局上海台风研究所,上海200030 [2]上海市气象局中心气象台,上海200030

出　　处：《热带气象学报》2016年第5期597-606,共10页Journal of Tropical Meteorology

基　　金：上海市自然科学基金(15ZR1449900);2015年度公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201506007);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2015CB452806)共同资助

摘　　要：使用中国1416个常规地面观测站，分析了1981-2010年间采用不同空间站网密度的全国（不包括台湾、香港、澳门）、分地区（华东和华南为例）、分省（广东、海南及江西为例）的热带气旋降水气候特征差异。结果表明，对于全国而言，不同疏密测站组的累积降水、过程降水年平均值、日降水平均值及其空间分布基本一致，降水极值及其空间分布结果略有不同，对全国TC降水的气候统计特征分析不会有影响；分区域和分省的不同疏密测站组的日降水平均值没有明显差异，而对于日降水极值和暴雨频次，统计结果有不同，且使用稀疏测站方案得到的TC降水极值会比未稀疏化的测站方案得到的结果略小，对分区气候统计特征分析有影响；就影响程度而言，受TC影响较大的海南省的各方案差异明显于广东、江西，华南（含广东、广西、海南）明显于华东（含山东、江苏、浙江、上海、福建、安徽、江西）。同时，采用稀疏间距为40—50km（接近或为全国测站的平均间距）作为空间稀疏方案时，气候统计特征开始出现明显变化。另外，不同空间站网密度对TC过程及日降水面雨量均值的影响同样从稀疏间距为40～50km处开始发生变化，而当稀疏间距达到100km或200km时，结果已截然不同。1 416 conventional ground-based observations in different spatial density groups were used to analyze the variance of TC precipitation climate characteristics for the entire Chinese mainland, regional areas （Taking East China and South China as cases） and provinces （Taking Guangdong, Hainan and Jiangxi as cases） separately. The results showed that for the Chinese mainland, the total precipitation, mean annual precipitation, mean daily precipitation and its spatial distribution were the same for different spatial density station groups. There were slight differences with the precipitation extremes and their spatial distribution. So there was no obvious variance on TC precipitation climate characteristics tire Chinese mainland. Regional and provincial results analyzed with different station density groups for the enshowed that there was no significant difference for mean daily precipitation, but there were for the daily precipitation extremes and rainstorm frequency. And the daily precipitation extreme value analyzed with the sparser station group was a little smaller than that analyzed with the denser station group, which would affect the regional climate statistics. For the extent of station density impact on the TC precipitation climatic characteristic analysis, there were more obvious influence on Hainan than that of Guangdong and Jiangxi. And it affected South China （ Including Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan） more than East China （Including Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian, Anhui and Jiangxi）. Furthermore, the analysis proved that the climatic statistical characteristic began to change significantly when the interval was between 40 and 50 km, which was or was near the mean interval of the entire Chinese mainland stations. Moreover, TC areal precipitation climatic characteristic, including mean total areal precipitation and mean daily areal precipitation, also began to change significantly when the interval was between 40 and 50 kin, and were completely different when it was between

关 键 词：测站密度 热带气旋降水 气候特征 

分 类 号：P468[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]