海南番茄春季干旱灾害等级指标  

CONSTRUCTION OF A SPRING DROUGHT DISASTER INDEX FOR TOMATO GROWTH

作　　者：张蕾[1,2] 霍治国[1,3] 陈汇林[4] 吴翠玲[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081 [2]国家气象中心,北京100081 [3]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,江苏南京210044 [4]海南省气象科学研究所,海南海口570203

出　　处：《热带气象学报》2016年第5期759-766,共8页Journal of Tropical Meteorology

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206019);国家科技基础性工作专项(2007FY120100)共同资助

摘　　要：春季干旱是威胁海南岛番茄生长的主要灾害，为了实现番茄春季干旱实时监测预警，需要建立合适的干旱等级指标。以持续干旱日数和补充水量为试验因子，进行2因素9水平的均匀设计试验，以番茄死苗率评估干旱程度，筛选番茄干旱致灾因子，以土壤相对湿度划分干旱等级为参考，构建干旱灾害等级指标，分析番茄生理参数和产量对不同等级干旱胁迫的响应。研究结果表明：在干旱胁迫下，番茄死苗率呈明显的增加趋势，与持续干旱日数的一次项和二次项关系显著；在不同深度土壤层中，番茄死苗率与20em土壤相对湿度的相关关系最明显，相关系数达到-0．84；以20cm土壤相对湿度划分的干旱等级为参考，得到番茄无旱、轻旱、中旱、重旱的等级指标分别为〈26d、26～31d、31～35d、≥35d。在无旱-轻旱-中旱-重旱胁迫下，番茄净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率分别呈减小．增大．减少．减小的趋势，胞间CO2分别呈减少-增大-增大-增大，番茄相对产量损失逐渐加重。As one of the major disasters threatening the growth of tomato, drought should be timely monitored based on appropriate indexes. Taking continuous dry days and complementary precipitation as factors and using a uniform design scheme, a field experiment on drought for tomato was conducted based on the two factors with nine levels separately. Through correlation and regression analysis and taking drought grade criterion based on relative soil moisture for reference, a drought disaster index for tomato was constructed and the effects of drought on physiological parameters and tomato yield were carried out under the drought stress above. The results indica- ted that the rate of dead tomato seedlings increased with drought, and had a correlation of up to -0.84, with the dryness divided with reference to relative soil moisture at the depth of 20 cm. Continuous dry days notably affected the rate of dead tomato seedlings and were chosen as the key drought index. Continuous dry days of 〈 26 d, 26 - 31 d, 31 - 35 d, ≥ 35 d were corresponding to no-drought, light drought, median drought and heavy drought separately. Under different level of drought stress, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance for tomato had a tendency of decreasing-increasing-decreasing-decreasing, while intercellular carbon dioxide concentration had a tendency of decreasing-increasing-increasing- increasing. The yield of tomato decreased as continuous dry days increased. The drought disaster index for tomato was simple and matched well with the actual drought disaster situation and can help provide strategies for monitoring and prevention of drought disaster for tomato.

关 键 词：番茄 均匀设计 春季干旱 持续干旱日数 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学]