东道主凝视下的中西方背包旅游者比较研究  

A Comparative Study between Chinese and Western Backpackers:Seeing with the Host Gaze

作　　者：罗鲜荣[1] 黄松山 

机构地区：[1]中山大学旅游学院,广东广州510275 [2]南澳大利亚大学管理学院

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2016年第11期32-41,共10页Tourism Tribune

摘　　要：该研究从东道主凝视的视角着重探讨了旅游目的地居民对中西方背包游客的不同认知,强调东道主在主客交往时及其对游客的认知有其自身观点,且该立场深受中西方文化间不平等权力关系的影响。研究以丽江为案例点,发现丽江当地居民认为背包旅游者群体主要来自欧美国家,具有强烈的西方文化烙印。国内背包游客群体大多不被认同,更多情况下只被认为是在追随西方背包旅游者。在旅游行为上,西方背包游客相对强烈的探险意识以及对当地传统文化原真体验的追求令目的地居民肃然起敬,从而被认为是真正的背包旅游者。而国内背包游客在这两点上的表现常被当地居民诟病,从而强化了这些游客只是作为"跟风者"的印象。相比于国内背包旅游者,西方背包游客同样被认为由于受过西方文化良好的教育而有很强的环保意识,十分尊重当地的自然环境。文章认为,丽江当地居民对中西方背包游客的感知一定程度上是对这两个游客群体发展状态和旅游行为现实的映射,但更受到中西方文化间不平等权力关系的深刻影响。然而对于中西文化间的不平等权力关系,丽江当地居民并非照单全收。当他们捕捉到体现西方背包游客对当地"居高临下"态度的视觉符号时(如拍摄脏乱的垃圾桶,闯入当地居民家里等),一种反感情绪会被激发。而这样的情绪却正好体现了当前我国中西方文化碰撞过程中的不平等权利关系。This research adopting a host gaze perspective investigated locals＇ different perceptions of Western and Chinese backpackers.The research emphasizes that the host has their own standpoint of view in their interaction with backpackers and in perceiving the tourists;their standpoint of view,moreover,is deeply influenced by the unequal relationship between estern and western cultures.The study site was Lijiang of Yunnan province,located in the southwest of China.Lijiang now as a cultural heritage site is a well-known destiantion,among both international and domestic tourists.Yet at the early stage of last century,it was mainly popular among western backpackers,which somehow led the local community to form a stereotypical image of how a backpacker looks like.Making Lijiang as the research site,36 residents were interviewed and the interviews were then transcribed for analysis.When selecting those residents,the authors had tried to balance their profile and to include residents with varied demographic attributes in order to provide an integrated picture of the locals＇ view of the two groups of backpackers.The interview transcripts were themetically analysed in order to reveal locals＇ understandings of backpackers,and to explore the role of unequal cultural relationships in shaping locals＇ perspectives of tourists.Through the analysis,we found that residents in Lijiang predominently thought backpackers as westerners.The backpacking travel was strongly regarded to have prints of the western culture.Domestic backpackers who are originated in the Chinese culture were mostly not accepted;they in most cases were only thought as the followers of western backpackers.In terms of travel behaviors,western backpackers were strongly linked with the idea of exploration and the persuit of authentic experiences of the local culture.Because of such linkage,these backpackers were seemingly respected and perceived as real backpackers.Domestic backpackers with relation to the idea of exploration and the persuit of authentic cultu

关 键 词：背包旅游者 居民感知 东道主凝视 中西方背包旅游者差异 

分 类 号：F591[经济管理—旅游管理]