大气污染对北京冬季城市和郊区辐射收支影响的观测分析  

Observation and analysis of the air pollution impacts on radiation balance of urban and suburb areas in Beijing

作　　者：王昕然[1,2] 苗世光[2] 窦军霞[2] 董璠[3] 王京丽[2] WANG Xin-Ran MIAO Shi-Guang DOU Jun-Xia DONG Fan WANG Jing-Li(Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing100089, China Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin Hebei, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [2]中国气象局北京城市气象研究所,北京100089 [3]中国气象局京津冀环境气象预报预警中心,北京100089

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2016年第11期3996-4006,共11页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41175015)资助

摘　　要：近年来城市化和大气污染对辐射收支的影响日益显著.本研究利用2013—2014年中国科学院大气物理研究所325m铁塔、南郊观象台、密云气象塔、上甸子区域大气本底站四个观测站点的辐射及自动站气象要素数据,采用南郊观象台的能见度资料将观测数据分为清洁天和污染天,并进行类比分析,以1月份为例,研究了北京地区大气污染和城郊差异对辐射收支的影响.结果表明:(1)从月平均值来看,各站污染天入射短波辐射均小于清洁天,衰减最大可达55.8W·m^(-2),直接辐射亦然,衰减最大可达161.1W·m^(-2),散射辐射相反,增加最大值为72.2W·m^(-2);长波辐射污染天大于清洁天,向下向上长波辐射增加最大值分别为85.0 W·m^2和70.0 W·m^(-2),且长波辐射的衰减与污染物浓度和大气温度相关;净辐射白天污染天小于清洁天,夜间相反.(2)从各站的对比可知,大气污染对入射短波辐射的衰减,南部郊区(13.2%)大于北部城区(7.4%),与北京地区"南北两重天"的污染物分布特征一致;且污染物对长短波辐射的影响呈现了从城区到郊区衰减率依次减小的现象.本研究为大气污染与气象条件的相互作用研究提供了观测基础.In recent years,the impact of urbanization and air pollution on the radiation budget increased significantly.The radiation and automatic stations data（2013-01 and 2014-01）from the325 m tower in IAP,the southern suburb observatory, Miyun meteorological tower and Shangdianzi regional atmospheric background station are used.Meanwhile,the visibility data of the southern suburb Observatory are used to distinguish the clear and pollution days.Resultsshow that：（1）Judging from the month average data,incident shortwave radiation of pollution days of all stations are less than clear days,the maximum attenuation is 55.8 W·m^（-2）,the maximum attenuation of direct radiation is 161.1 W·m^（-2）,the maximum increase of scatter radiation is 72.2W·m^（-2）;the maximum increase of upward and downward long wave radiation is 85.0 W·m^（-2） and 70.0 W·m^（-2）,respectively;The attenuation of long wave radiation has relationship with the pollution and temperature;Net radiation pollution days are less than the clear days in the daytime,which is opposite in the night.（2）From the comparison results of all stations,the attenuation of incident radiation in the southern suburbs （13.2%） is higher than northern urban areas （7.4%） due to air pollution,which is consistent with the distribution of pollutantsin Beijing-＂North and South are two different worlds＂;From the urban area to the northern suburban area,the attenuation rate of pollution of the long and short wave radiation gradually decreases.This study provides important observational basis for the research of interaction between air pollution and meteorological conditions.

关 键 词：大气污染 辐射收支 城市 郊区 北京 

分 类 号：P421[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]