过失相抵规则在侵权受害人自杀情形的适用  

The Application of Contributory Negligence Rule in the Case of Victim Committing Suicide

作　　者：袁文全[1] 杨天红[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《现代法学》2016年第6期87-96,共10页Modern Law Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"养老保障城乡一体化法律机制研究"(15BFX159);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目"我国大规模侵权损害救济体系的建构"(CDJSK11010)

摘　　要：侵权行为人是否应就受害人自杀部分的损害承担侵权责任是侵权法理论研究中的难点问题。在受害人因侵权行为影响而罹患精神疾病选择自杀时,加害人应就自杀部分的损害承担侵权责任。过失相抵规则是侵权法中平衡双方当事人利益的重要规则,因自杀是受害人有意识的行为,应有过失相抵规则的适用,除非受害人自杀时无责任能力。但即便如此,加害人仍得以间接受害人的过失进行抗辩。这两种情形同时也影响了适用过失相抵规则时责任的具体分担。一般而言,在自杀者有意识时,加害人承担的责任轻于受害人;而在自杀者无意识时,加害人承担的责任重于受害人。It is a difficult question to the theory of tort law whether the tortfeasor should be held liable for the part of damage caused by the victim committed suicide. The tortfeasor should bear the liability when the victim has to commit suicide because he was suffering from mental illness caused by the tortfeasor. Rule of contributory negligence is an important rule in tort law which intends to balance the interests of both parties. In the situation of victim suicide,the contributory negligence will be applied because suicide is victim＇s conscious act unless the suicide was an act of irresponsibility. Even so,the tortfeasor also has the right to against the indirect victim who has negligence too. These affects the allocation of the damage when applying the contributory negligence,in general,when the victim is conscious,the tortfeasor＇s responsibility is lighter than the victim,but when the victim＇s act is not out of consciousness,the tortfeasor＇s responsibility is heavier than the victim.

关 键 词：过失相抵 精神疾病 自杀 责任分担 

分 类 号：D923.6[政治法律—民商法学]