打顶对橡胶树//五指毛桃间作系统中五指毛桃生理特性、产量及养分积累的影响  

Effects of Topping on Physiological Characteristics,Yield and Nutrient Accumulation of Wuzhimaotao (Ficus hirta Vahl.) in the Rubber Tree//F. hirta Intercropping System

作　　者：李娟[1] 林位夫[1] 周立军[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,农业部儋州热带作物科学观测试验站,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第6期1038-1044,共7页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(31301856);中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所基本科研业务费专项(1630022011009);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-34)

摘　　要：为明确在荫蔽度高、养分竞争激烈的成龄胶园中打顶对间作五指毛桃的影响,本试验设置不施肥打顶、施肥打顶与施肥不打顶3个处理,研究打顶对五指毛桃生长发育、生理特性、产量及养分积累的影响。结果表明:打顶后五指毛桃的株高、茎粗、根粗、全株生物量干质量、地上部干质量、根干质量、SPAD值及氮、磷、钾积累量显著降低(P<0.05),而根冠干质重比、植株整株含水量、地上部含水量及根含水量显著增加(P<0.05),叶绿素a、叶绿素b及总叶绿素含量变化不显著(P>0.05)。与施肥不打顶处理五指毛桃相比,施肥打顶的五指毛桃株高降低22.92%,地上部生物量降低了41.67%,地下部生物量降低了11.83%,收获时带走的氮、磷、钾总量分别降低29.40%、22.78%、22.58%,表明打顶降低了植株高度,促进了干物质往地下部分配与积累,提高根部产量比例;减少收获时植株带走的氮、磷、钾总量。因此,在荫蔽成龄胶园中间作五指毛桃,打顶处理可以促进干物质往地下部分配与积累,增加根部产量比例;减少收获时植株带走的养分损失;降低风害。该研究为高荫蔽度和高养分竞争条件下生长植物的打顶技术提供了科学依据,为五指毛桃在成龄胶园中合理间作提供理论指导。In order to understand the effect of topping on the physiological characteristics, yield and nu- trient accumulation of Wuzhimaotao （Ficus hirta Vahl. ） in rubber tree//F, hirta intercropping system, we set up 3 treatments, viz. topping without fertilization, topping with fertilization and fertilization with- out topping. The morphology, physiology, yield and nutrient accumulation of plants were investigated. The results showed that the topping significantly reduced plant high, stem diameter, root diameter, total dry weight, the dry weight of shoots and roots, SPAD value and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ac- cumulation （P 〈 0. 05 ）, while topping significantly increased the dry weight ratio of root to shoot, water content of whole olant, shoots and roots （P 〈 0. 05）. There was no siznificant effect of topping on chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content （P 〉 0. 05）. The plant height, aboveground biomass, roots biomass, total N, P and K of topped F. hirta decreased by 22. 92%, 41.67%, 11.83%, 29. 40%, 22. 78% and 22. 58%, respectively, compared with untopped F. hirta. These results indica- ted that topping could promote the dry matter accumulation and transfer to the underground part and in- crease the proportion of root yield, decrease the total N, P and K of F. hirta during the harvest period, and decrease the height of F. hirta. Topping recommendations for F. hirta intercropped in the mature rubber plantation which could promote the dry matter accumulation and transfer to the underground part and increase the proportion of root yield, decrease nutrient loss and decrease wind damage. These results provide a scientific basis for topping technology for the plants which grow under the high shaded and high nutrient competition conditions, and provide some theoretical guiding for the intercropping of F. hirta with mature rubber.

关 键 词：打顶 五指毛桃 生长发育 产量 养分积累 

分 类 号：S662.125.57[农业科学—果树学]