新型炭气凝胶的制备及电化学性能研究  

Preparation and electrochemical performance of new carbon aerogels

作　　者：刘海花[1,2] 杨莉丽[1] 闫美芳[2,3] 许跃龙[2,3] 张利辉[2,3] 刘振法[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学化学与材料科学学院,河北石家庄050024 [2]河北省科学院能源研究所,河北石家庄050081 [3]河北省工业节水工程技术研究中心,河北石家庄050081

出　　处：《炭素技术》2016年第5期24-27,共4页Carbon Techniques

基　　金：河北省科学技术研究与发展计划项目(12215120D);河北省科学院科技计划项目(13703)

摘　　要：以间苯三酚、间苯二酚和甲醛为原料,碳酸钠为催化剂,经溶胶-凝胶、溶剂置换、常压干燥制得有机气凝胶,然后高温炭化得到炭气凝胶。采用正交实验法考察了间苯三酚与间苯二酚的摩尔比、催化剂用量、原料质量分数和反应温度对炭气凝胶结构的影响。采用低温液氮吸附法、XRD等手段对炭气凝胶的微观结构进行表征和分析,采用循环伏安、恒流充放电等检测技术评价了其电化学性能。结果表明,炭气凝胶最佳合成条件为间苯三酚与间苯二酚摩尔比1∶4,催化剂用量800(n(P+R)/nC=800),原料质量分数35%。在最佳条件下,炭气凝胶平均比表面积为609.11 m^2/g,平均孔径为5.42 nm;XRD分析表明:炭气凝胶主要以非晶炭形式存在;在6 mol/L KOH溶液中,炭气凝胶的比电容为229.17 F/g,并且具有良好的电容特性和可逆性。Carbon aerogels were synthesized using phloroglueinol, resorcinol, and formaldehyde as the raw materials, and sodium carbonate as the catalyst by sol-gel polymerization, solvent exchange drying, conventional drying and high temperature carbonization. The factors influencing the structures and properties of the carbon aerogels were investigated through orthogonal experiment. The main factors, including molar ratio of reactants, quantity of the catalyst, reactant concentration and reaction temperature were investi- gated. The structure of carbon aerogels was characterized by surface area analyzer and X-ray diffraction. The electrochemical perfor- mances of the carbon aerogels as electrode materials were characterized using cyclic vohammetry and a galvanostatic charge-dis- charge test. The results show that the optimal reaction condition for carbon aerogels was as follows： molar ratio of phloroglucinol to resorcinol of 1：4, quantity of the catalyst of 800, reactant concentration of 35%. The average specific surface area of carbon aerogels is 609.11 m^2·g^-1, and the average pore size is 5.42 nm. XRD shows carbon aerogels mainly exist in the form of amorphous carbon; the electrochemical performance and reveribility are well, and the specific capacitance of carbon aerogels is about 229.17 F/g.

关 键 词：炭气凝胶 溶胶-凝胶法 微观结构 比电容 

分 类 号：TQ314.2[化学工程—高聚物工业]