城市交通拥挤收费:原理、要件与模型  

Urban Traffic Congestion Charging:Principle,Factors,and Model

作　　者：赵蕾[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学管理学院,上海200444

出　　处：《大连理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第4期125-130,共6页Journal of Dalian University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目:"我国大型城市交通拥堵问题:政策绩效与治理机制研究"(11YJC630295)

摘　　要：交通拥挤收费是交通需求管理(TDM)的关键内容之一,其基本原理,即边际成本定价理论认为,交通拥挤的根本性原因在于出行者产生的边际个人成本(MPC)与边际社会成本(MSC)之间的差值。依托价格机制实现MPC与MSC的平衡与一致,可以促使交通流量的理性回归(道路资源的合理利用),从而有效缓解交通拥挤。交通拥挤收费的操作方案通常涉及两个核心要件:收费对象要件指向在拥挤时段进入拥挤区域或路段的出行成本(包括消耗的时空资源和动力资源等)较高的出行者;收费标准要件一般包括交通拥挤临界点的算定、拥挤收费的时间限定与区域限定,以及在拥挤区域内车辆行为的限定。基于上述研究,可以得出在特定时段和目标区域内,适用于不同出行者的、基于出行成本考量与选择的拥挤收费通用模型。Traffic congestion charging is one of the core contents of TDM,and it is based on marginal cost pricing theory.The theory regards the difference between MPC and MSC as the fundamental reason for traffic congestion,and thinks that the balance of MPC and MSC,relying on the price mechanism,can realize a reasonable usage of traffic resources and ease traffic congestion effectively.The plan of traffic congestion charging involves two core elements：the charging objects include the travelers who pay more cost and enter crowded areas at congestion time;the charging standards include the definition of the traffic congestion,the qualification of congestion time,the congestion regional and the vehicle behavior.Based on the above study,we can get the universal congestion charging model in the specific time and target area conditions,which applies to different travelers based on consideration and choice of their cost.

关 键 词：交通拥挤 收费 原理 要件 模型 

分 类 号：D035[政治法律—政治学]