量值传递中绝对测量与相对测量转化实例的数理分析(一)  

Mathematical analysis for conversion between absolute measurement and relative measurement in quantity transmission(Ⅰ)

作　　者：陈桂生[1] 付志勇[1] 韩志鑫[1] 杨锐[1] 朱育红[1] 赵晶[1] 廖艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国测试技术研究院,四川成都610021

出　　处：《中国测试》2016年第11期1-5,共5页China Measurement & Test

摘　　要：以检定热电阻的一个测量模型,按检定规程规定的两种检定方法进行分析。以假设的较理想条件下的参数代入测量模型,得到物理概念清晰、简单直观的数理表达式。从分析过程和结果可以看出:在同一个标准装置上检定,因采用的检定方法的一点不同,会导致被检样品检定结果误差的惊人差别。究其原因,是标准器一个参数的取值来源变化,把一个相对测量的检定过程不经意变成一次绝对测量,使测量系统测量结果的误差显著增大,差别之大超出想象。由此可见量值传递方法在检定工作中的重要性,如方法选用不当,使用再好的设备也达不到预期的目的。A measurement model for verifying the thermal resistance was analyzed by two kinds of verification methods specified in verification regulations. By substituting assumptive parameters under ideal conditions into measurement model, mathematical expression with clear, simple and visualized physical conceptions can be obtained. The analysis and results show that： striking difference of verification results of verified samples may be caused with a small difference of applied verification methods on a same standard verification device. This is caused by the change of value source of a parameter of the standard device, which inadvertently turns the verification process of relative measurement into an absolute measurement, so the measurement result deviation of measuring system is significantly increased. Therefore, quantity transmission methods are of great importance in the process of verification. If improper methods are applied, expected purpose will not be realized even if the best equipment is used.

关 键 词：量值传递 检定规程 测量方法 绝对测量 相对测量 电阻温度计 数理分析 

分 类 号：TH721[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]