伐竹用V形双圆柱铣刀切割方式研究  

Research on bamboo cutting mode with double V-type cylindrical helical cutters

作　　者：王金鹏[1] 于炅 周宏平[1] 周凤芳[1] 陶雷 陈甲伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学机械电子工程学院,南京210037 [2]江苏省农业机械试验鉴定站,南京210017

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2016年第6期124-129,共6页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(51408311);产学研联合创新资金-前瞻性联合研究项目(BY2014006-02);南京林业大学科技项目(GXL2014044;2014A05);大学生创新项目(2016NFUSPITP055)

摘　　要：中国的毛竹产地大部分在山区,毛竹的砍伐、运输与人力成本升高的矛盾越来越突出,而采用链锯采伐的竹材容易开裂,影响使用。针对这一问题,从模仿人工用柴刀伐竹的角度考虑,作者提出了V形双圆柱铣刀伐竹方案,并用交流电机及单个圆柱铣刀搭建了实验系统,完成了与刀砍、锯子截断两种伐竹方式的效率对比和抗撞击性能对比实验。实验结果表明,圆柱铣刀可以用来伐竹,且其形成的截面接近人工用柴刀砍伐形成的锥面,下落距离均为5 m时,其单位质量撞击力为163 kN/kg,略大于用刀砍下的竹子的单位质量撞击力(123 kN/kg),是用锯子截断竹子的单位质量撞击力(980 kN/kg)的16.6%,在垂直撞击大理石地面的实验中不易开裂。采用单个圆柱铣刀在125 r/min转速下截断竹子时单位横截面面积所用时间为0459 s/mm2,分别是采用锯子和砍刀所用时间的10.7倍和6.1倍。实验验证了V形双圆柱铣刀伐竹方案的可行性,为实现竹子的机械化采伐进行了有益尝试。In China, most bamboo is produced in mountainous region. The conflicts generated from bamboo felling, transportation and high labor costs become more and more serious. Moreover, compared with the traditional bamboo cut- ting method with chopper, the bamboo felled by saw is easy to crack. To solve this problem, a V-type bamboo cutting so- lution with double cylindrical helical cutters was proposed in this paper. The experimental system equipped with an AC motor and a single helical cylindrical cutter was set up. The comparative experiments on the efficiency of cutting bamboo and impact resistance capacity were conducted. The results showed that the cylindrical cutter could be used for cutting bamboo with similar cross section approximated to the conical surface formed by chopper. When the bamboo fell from the height of 5 m, the impact force per unit mass was 16. 3 kN/kg, which was slightly higher comparing with felling by chopper （ 12. 3 kN/kg）, and only accounted for 16. 6% of the cutoff with saw （98.0 kN/kg）. Experimental results con- firmed that it was not easy to crack when the bamboo hit the marble ground in the vertical direction. When we used a sin- gle cylindrical cutter for cutting off bamboo, at the speed of 125 r/min, the time required to cut per square millimeter cross-sectional area of bamboo was 0.459 s/mm^2, which were 10. 7 times and 6. 1 times as much as using saws and ma- chetes, respectively. In a word, the bamboo cutting solution with double V-type cylindrical helical cutters was feasible, which could be a useful attempt for the mechanization of bamboo harvesting.

关 键 词：竹子 砍伐 仿人工 圆柱铣刀 抗撞击性能 

分 类 号：F426.88[经济管理—产业经济]