2种辉蝽的精巢和染色体研究(半翅目:蝽科)  

Study on Testes and Chromosomes of Two Species of Genus Carbula( Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

作　　者：段宇杰[1] 赵清[1] 张仙红[1] 张虎芳[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801 [2]忻州师范学院,山西忻州034000

出　　处：《四川动物》2016年第6期897-904,共8页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31440078;31501876;31301899);山西省科技攻关项目(20150311010-7);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2014131);山西省植物保护学研究生教育创新项目(J201582045)

摘　　要：通过探讨中国蝽科Pentatomidae辉蝽属Carbula的红角辉蝽Carbula crassiventris(Dallas,1849)和北方辉蝽C.putoni(Jakovlev,1876)的精巢形态和染色体的核型及减数分裂行为,为蝽科昆虫的细胞分类学提供新资料。采用显微形态解剖法和染色体制片法对其精巢和染色体进行观察。结果表明:2种精巢的位置、外被颜色、形状及精巢叶的数目都一致;染色体组成均为2n(♂)=14(12A+XY),具有X-Y性别决定机制。在减数分裂过程中,常染色体前减数分裂,性染色体后减数分裂且无交叉;在中期-Ⅱ,常染色体排列成环状而性染色体在环中央形成假二价体。但是,2个物种在弥散期常染色体的去固缩程度,终变期常染色体双交叉的个数及中期-Ⅰ常染色体和性染色体的排列方式都各不相同。本文证实了蝽科昆虫的减数分裂行为在不同属间、种间可不相同,而且具有一定的属、种间特异性;同时为精巢在蝽类昆虫分类中的作用提供新的资料。In order to provide some useful clues for the study of pentatomid taxonomy, the testes, karyotypes and meiotic characteristics of two Carbula species in Pentatomidae （C. crassiventris and C. putoni） were studied. The chromosomal and testicular morphology were observed by using conventional preparation. The two species showed the same location of testi- cles, pigmentation of the peritoneal sheath, shape and number of testicular lobes. And they also showed typical karyotype of Pentatomidae （2n = 14 = 12A ＋ XY） and X-Y sex chromosomal mechanism. During the process of meiosis, the autosomes divided pre-reductionally, the sex chromosomes divided post-reductionally and were achiasmatic, and at metaphase-Ⅱ the autosomes showed a ring-shaped configuration with the pseudobivalent at the center. However, the two species differed in the extent of decondensation of the autosomes during the diffuse stage, the number of ring bivalents at diakinesis, behaviors of autosomes, and sex chromosome during metaphase- I. In conclusion, the meiotic characteristics of Pentatomidae may not be always consistent in different genera and species, or even in congeneric species, and this may also contribute to the roles of testes in the classification of bugs.

关 键 词：蝽科 辉蝽属 精巢 染色体 核型 减数分裂 

分 类 号：Q969[生物学—昆虫学]