树脂包膜肥的养分释放规律及对小麦水稻产量的影响  

Nutrient Release Characteristics of Vinyl Chloride-vinyl Acetate Copolymers Coated Slow-release Nitrogen Fertilizer and Its Effect on Wheat-rice Yield

作　　者：马洪波[1] 吴建燕 张永春[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部江苏耕地保育科学观测实验站,南京210014 [2]南京农业大学,南京210095

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第33期17-23,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200805);农业部植物营养与肥料学科群开放基金(APF2015037);IPNI国际合作项目(JIANGSU-10);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(16)1001]

摘　　要：为了研究自制的氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯型缓释氮肥的养分释放规律及其对小麦-水稻产量的影响,采用浸泡试验分析了2种包膜缓释氮肥(氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯型缓释氮肥、羟基改性的氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯型缓释氮肥)的养分释放规律,同时利用盆栽试验研究了水旱轮作条件下其对小麦-水稻产量的影响。结果表明:氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯缓释氮肥的释放期为60天,羟基改性的缓释氮肥为50天,2种缓释氮肥的土壤铵态氮含量在30天时达到了最高峰,土壤硝态氮含量在60天时达到了最高峰。在小麦产量上,各处理间没有差异,但在后期的水稻产量上,氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯缓释氮肥显著高于羟基改性的缓释氮肥处理(P<0.05),原因在于氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯聚合物与羟基改性的相比,表面平滑更加均匀,降解速率更慢,养分的释放时间更长,进而氮肥利用率高,产量高。本研究阐明了氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯型缓释氮肥的释放规律,得到了水旱轮作条件下氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯缓释氮肥比羟基改性的水稻产量高的结论,对开发氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯型缓释氮肥和应用具有一定指导意义。In order to study nutrient release characteristics of self-made material（Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetatecopolymer） coated nitrogen fertilizer and its effect on wheat-rice yield, the slow-released patterns of the twokinds of coated nitrogen fertilizers（Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer and hydroxyl-modified, VC/VAC）were analyzed through immersion. At the same time, the effects of coated fertilizers on the yield of wheat-ricewere studied through pot culture experiments. It was found that the release period of VC/VAC coated ureas was60 d, and the release period of hydroxyl-modified VC/VAC was 50 d. For VC/VAC and hydroxyl-modified VC/VAC coated nitrogen fertilizers treatments, the ammonium nitrogen content in soil reached the highest peak at30 d, while the nitrate nitrogen content in soil reached the highest peak at 60 d. There was no differencebetween VC/VAC and hydroxyl- modified VC/VAC coated nitrogen fertilizers treatments in wheat yield.However, VC/VAC nitrogen fertilizers treatment had significantly higher rice yield than hydroxyl-modified VC/VAC coated nitrogen fertilizers treatment at later period（P0.05）. The reason was that VC/VAC coatednitrogen fertilizers had better surface smoothness and uniformity, longer nutrient release period than that ofhydroxyl- modified VC/VAC coated nitrogen fertilizers. So VC/VAC coated nitrogen fertilizers got highernitrogen utilization efficiency and yield. This study illustrated the release rule of VC/VACs coated slow releasenitrogen fertilizer, VC/VAC nitrogen fertilizers had higher rice yield than hydroxyl-modified VC/VAC underpaddy upland rotation, and it had a certain guiding significance for the development and application of VC/VAC coated slow release nitrogen fertilizer.

关 键 词：水浸泡法 盆栽试验法 氯乙烯-醋酸乙烯 小麦-水稻产量 

分 类 号：S143.7[农业科学—肥料学] S531[农业科学—农业基础科学]