稻秸还田与播种方式影响小麦出苗及产量的大田试验研究  

Rice Straw Returning and Seeding Patterns: Effects on Wheat Seedling Emergence and Grain Yield in Field Experiment

作　　者：张斯梅[1] 顾克军[1] 许博[1] 张恒敢[1] 顾东祥[1] 石祖梁[1] 张传辉[1] 杨四军[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第33期29-33,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目"稻麦周年均衡高产关键技术集成创新与示范"[CX(14)2052];江苏省前瞻性研究专项"江苏稻麦大面积均衡增产技术集成研究与示范"(BE2014392);公益性行业(农业)科研专项"作物秸秆还田技术"(201503136)

摘　　要：为了研究水稻秸秆还田与播种方式对小麦出苗及籽粒产量的影响,通过田间大区试验,分析了稻秸机械全量还田与不同播种方式对小麦出苗率、出苗均匀性及产量性状的影响。结果显示,稻秸不还田条件下,机械条播的出苗率显著低于机械匀播和人工撒播,机械条播、机械匀播和人工撒播的出苗率分别为51.84%、90.89%和88.87%;人工撒播的出苗均匀性差于机械条播和机械匀播,3种播种方式的出苗变异系数分别为0.49、0.26和0.23。稻秸机械全量还田条件下,不同播种方式处理的出苗率和出苗均匀性都有所降低,其中机械条播的下降幅度较大,出苗率降低了36.54%。小麦出苗率和出苗均匀性通过影响穗数、穗粒数、千粒重而影响籽粒产量,无论稻秸是否还田,机械匀播的产量均高于其余两种播种方式,稻秸不还田和全量还田条件下的产量分别为6091.34 kg/hm2和6476.20 kg/hm2。因此,在稻秸还田小麦生产中,推荐采用机械匀播的播种方式,不仅能提高小麦的田间出苗率,而且能保持较好的出苗均匀性,有利于获得较高的籽粒产量。To study the effect of rice straw returning and seeding patterns on wheat seedling emergence andgrain yield, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of all rice straw mechanized returningand different seeding patterns on wheat emergence rate, emergence uniformity and yield traits. The results wereas follows： in rice straw removal treatments, the emergence rate of mechanical seeding in drill was significantlylower than that of mechanical uniform planting and manual broadcast sowing, the emergence rate of mechanicalseeding in drill, mechanical uniform planting and manual broadcast sowing was 51.84%, 90.89% and 88.87%,separately; the emergence uniformity of manual broadcast sowing was inferior to that of mechanical seeding indrill and mechanical uniform planting, the emergency variable coefficient of the three seeding patterns was0.49, 0.26 and 0.23, separately. With rice straw returning to the field, the emergence rate and emergenceuniformity decreased in the three seeding patterns, of which mechanical seeding in drill dropped markedly withemergence rate down 36.54%. The emergence rate and emergence uniformity affected grain yield by affectingpanicle, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. The grain yield was 6091.34 and 6476.20 kg/hm2 when allrice straw was removed or not, higher than the other two seeding patterns. Therefore, in wheat production withrice straw returning to field, mechanical uniform planting is recommended for higher emergence rate, betteremergence uniformity to increase grain yield.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 播种方式 小麦 出苗 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]