高粱新技术育种的实践与探讨  

Practice and Discussion on New Sorghum Breeding Technology

作　　者：王良群[1,2] 杨伟[1] 刘勇[1] 郝艳芳[1,2] 张微[1,2] 白鸿雁[1] 武擘[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院高粱研究所,山西晋中030600 [2]高粱遗传与种质创新山西省重点实验室,山西晋中030600

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第33期75-80,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：山西省科技厅攻关项目"高粱组培育种技术在矮秆高产品种选育中的应用"(20150311003-2)

摘　　要：高粱育种新技术是指除传统的自然选择育种和人工杂交育种以外的育种技术,主要包括组培育种、航天育种、物理诱变育种、化学诱变育种和转基因育种以及其他一些具有较大潜力的育种技术。笔者曾对多种高粱育种新技术进行了长期研究应用,目前已建立了高粱育种新技术体系,筛选出了优良恢复系材料,育成了优良杂交种。以笔者的研究应用实践为基础并结合相关的研究报道,对不同育种新技术的特点、研究应用中存在的问题及潜力进行了探讨。着重指出,与常规育种相比,高粱育种新技术具有以下主要特点:适用于改变个别简单遗传性状;育种周期短,后代稳定快,田间试验规模小;变异量相对较小但能获得新的特异性状。New sorghum breeding technology refers to any other breeding techniques except traditional naturalselection breeding and artificial cross breeding. It mainly includes tissue culture breeding, space breeding,physical mutagenesis breeding, chemical mutagenesis breeding, transgenic breeding and other breedingtechniques with great exploitation potential. The authors carried out sorghum breeding program with these newtechniques for many years, established systematic breeding procedures, screened valuable breeding materials,and obtained several officially registered hybrids. Based on research experiences and relevant research reports,the authors discussed characteristics of new breeding technology and problems and potentiality in research andapplication. It is stressed that the main characteristics of the new breeding technology compared withtraditional breeding are： suitable for changing individual simple genetic traits, short breeding cycle, faststability of offspring and small scale of field experiment, and relatively small variation in achieving newspecific characters.

关 键 词：高粱 组培育种 航天育种 物理诱变育种 化学诱变育种 转基因育种 

分 类 号：S337[农业科学—作物遗传育种]