生物质炭施加对水-旱轮作农田土壤CO_2排放及碳库的影响  

Effects of Biochar on Soil CO_2 Emissions and Carbon Pool in Rice-Wheat Rotation Croplands

作　　者：裴俊敏 李金全[1] 李兆磊[1] 燕东[1] 崔军[1,2] 方长明[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生命科学学院生物多样性科学研究所,上海200438 [2]盐城师范学院江苏滩涂生物农业协同创新中心,江苏盐城224002

出　　处：《亚热带资源与环境学报》2016年第3期72-80,共9页Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31300443);江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20130421);江苏省高校自然科学研究项目(13KJB180026);江苏省盐土生物资源研究重点实验室开放课题(JLCBE13003)资助

摘　　要：选择典型亚热带稻-麦轮作农田,比较不同施加量的玉米芯生物质炭对作物产量、土壤理化性质和CO_2排放的影响,并结合同位素分析研究了生物质炭的分解程度及其在水作影响下的田间存留量。结果显示,施加生物质炭显著增加了土壤阳离子交换量和总有机碳含量,降低了土壤CO_2排放速率。δ^(13)C数据表明,生物质炭在施加初期被快速分解,对土壤CO_2排放的短期贡献率可达35.95%,但一个生长季后分解微弱;生物质炭在水田中流失明显,一个轮作周期后的田间存留率为17.33%~36.50%。结果表明,生物质炭可提升亚热带水-旱轮作农田土壤碳库并降低土壤CO_2排放速率。This study analyzed the effects of corncob-made biochar applied at different rates on crop yield, soil physicochemical properties and CO2 fluxes in typical rice-wheat rotation croplands in tropical China. The degradation of biochar and the retainment of biochar in soil under irrigation were also investigated by isotopic analysis. The results indicated that biochar addition significantly increased soil cation exchange capacity and total organic carbon content, but significantly decreased soil CO2 emission rates. Isotopic data （δ^13C） indicated that biochar was rapidly decomposed at the early stages after application, with a short-term contribution of 35.95% to total CO2 emission; however, the decomposition of bioehar became negligible after one growing season. There was evident loss of biochar in these irrigated paddy rice croplands, with only 17.33% -36.50% of applied biochar retained in soil after one rice-wheat rotation cycle. Overall, this study revealed that biochar can increase soil carbon stocks and decrease soil CO2 emission in tropical rice-wheat rotation croplands.

关 键 词：生物质炭 Δ^13C 土壤碳库 土壤CO2排放 水旱轮作 农田生态系统 

分 类 号：Q148[生物学—生态学]