多年紫云英-双季稻下不同施肥水平对两类水稻土有机质及可溶性有机质的影响  

Effects of Different Fertilization Levels on Soil Organic Matter and Dissolved Organic Matter in Two Paddy Soils After Multi-Years' Rotation of Chinese Milk Vetch and Double-Cropping Rice

作　　者：周国朋 曹卫东[1,3] 白金顺[1] 聂军[4] 徐昌旭[5] 曾闹华[1] 高嵩涓[1,2] 王艳秋[1,6] 志水胜好[7] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,中国北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,中国北京100081 [3]青海大学/青海省农林科学院土壤肥料研究所,中国西宁810016 [4]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,中国长沙410125 [5]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,中国呼和浩特010022 [6]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,中国南昌330200 [7]鹿儿岛大学农学部

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2016年第21期4096-4106,共11页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103005);英国牛顿基金(BB/N013484/1);中国农业科学院科技创新工程

摘　　要：【目的】综合评价中国南方不同水稻土多年冬种紫云英配施化肥的培肥效应。【方法】在湖南紫潮泥、江西黄泥田双季稻区设置了连续7年的田间定位试验,比较冬闲(CK)、紫云英(MV)、紫云英+40%化肥(MV+40F)、紫云英+60%化肥(MV+60F)、紫云英+80%化肥(MV+80F)、紫云英+全量100%化肥(MV+100F)、单施全量100%化肥(100F)共7个处理的稻田土壤有机质(OM)、可溶性有机质(DOM)含量及其光谱学特性。【结果】湖南紫潮泥土壤OM和可溶性有机碳(DOC)含量、DOM的荧光吸光强度明显高于江西黄泥田,可溶性有机氮(DON)含量、DOM的紫外-可见吸收峰值则相反。土壤OM在两地均表现为MV处理显著高于其他多数处理(黄泥田MV+100F处理除外);同100F相比,MV+100F处理降低了湖南紫潮泥、但增加了江西黄泥田的土壤有机质;而绿肥种植体系下随着配施化肥量的增加,绿肥对两类土壤OM的贡献降低。种植绿肥配施80%—100%化肥,土壤DOC含量较100F高(黄泥田MV+100F除外),但单种绿肥(MV)以及绿肥配施40%—60%化肥对两地土壤DOC影响不尽一致。单种植绿肥能够降低两类土壤DOC/SOC,其中,在江西黄泥田上显著低于100F处理;两类土壤上种植翻压绿肥,随着配施化肥量的增加,土壤DOC/SOC随之增加(黄泥田MV+100F除外),表明配施化肥量越高其活化土壤碳库的作用越强。种植绿肥较100F能够有效降低土壤DON含量(黄泥田MV+100F处理除外),且在湖南紫潮泥上更为显著。紫外-可见光谱分析发现,绿肥及绿肥配施40%—60%化肥下,两类土壤DOM的紫外-可见吸收峰值较100F低,且E250/E365值随配施化肥量的增加而降低,表明随着配施化肥量的增加,土壤DOM分子量增大,分子结构越稳定。荧光光谱分析发现,两类土壤可溶性有机质均以类富里酸为主;与100F相比,单种绿肥(MV)以及绿肥配施化肥(黄泥田配施40%—60%化肥)能够增加土壤DOM的荧光强度,降低DOM的腐殖化�【Objective】The objective of this study was to evaluate the integrative effects of Chinese milk vetch in corporation and its combination with different rates of fertilizer on soil fertility of paddy field in Southern China. 【Method】 Soil samples were collected from the 6-7 years＇ experiments located in Hunan（purple alluvial soil, PA soil） and Jiangxi（yellow clayey soil, YC soil）. Seven treatments were designed： winter fallow（CK）, 100% fertilizer rate（100F）, sole incorporation of milk vetch（MV）, and MV combined with different rates of fertilizer（MV＋40F, MV＋60F, MV＋80F, MV＋100F）. The soil organic matter（OM）, dissolved organic matter（DOM） and their spectroscopy characteristics were investigated.【Result】The OM content, dissolved organic carbon（DOC） content and DOM＇s fluorescence intensity were significantly higher in the PA soil than those in the YC soil, but the content of dissolved organic nitrogen（DON） and the UV-Vis absorption peaks of DOM appeared opposite trends. The OM content of MV treatment was higher than those in other treatments in both the two soils, except for MV＋100F in the YC soil. Compared with 100 F, MV＋100F reduced the OM content in the PA soil, while increased it in the YC soil. The accumulation of OM tended to decrease with the increase of fertilizer application after the MV being incorporated. The DOC content was increased in MV＋80F and MV＋100F treated soil（except for MV＋100F in YC soil） when compared to 100 F, while the MV, MV＋40F and MV＋60F treatments showed different effects in the two soils. The MV treatment increased the DOC/SOC ratio in two types of soils, and the ratio was significantly lower than 100F＇s in YC soil. The DOC/SOC ratio tended to increase with the increase of fertilizer application after the MV being incorporated（except for MV＋100F YC soil）, it showed that combination with more fertilizer would be more beneficial to activation of the soil carbon pool. The MV treatment had lower DON con

关 键 词：紫云英 水稻 化肥 土壤有机质 可溶性有机质 光谱学特性 

分 类 号：S551.9[农业科学—作物学] S511.42