NPK配施对羊草草原草产量、土壤肥力及物种多样性的影响  

Combined Application of NPK Fertilizer Affecting Grass Yield,Soil Fertility and Species Diversity in Leymu schinensis Steppe

作　　者：权国玲 仝宗永[1] 李向林[1,2] 何峰[1] 万里强[1] 秦燕[1] 谢开云[1] 王栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京100193 [2]兰州大学草地农业科技学院,草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州730020

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第32期105-110,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目“半干旱牧区天然打草场培育及利用技术研究与示范”(201303060);国家自然科学基金项目“半干旱区羊草草原群落结构和稳定性对水分变化与刈割强度的响应机制”(31302015);国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-35)

摘　　要：为探究NPK配施对天然羊草草原产草量,土壤理化性质及物种多样性的影响,以期为退化羊草草原的恢复提供理论基础,在内蒙古南缘羊草草原以"3414"方案进行NPK配施试验。结果表明:羊草地上生物量在N_2P_1K_1(133.63 g/m^2)较对照显著增加(P<0.05),且增产235.66%。总地上生物量在N_2P_2K_2、N_2P_1K_1、N_2P_0K_2和N2P3K2均较对照增加显著(P<0.05),且在N_2P_2K_2、N_2P_1K_1分别达到210.68、206.73 g/m2,各增产116.86%、112.80%。土壤电导率在N2P3K2达到最大值422.13μs/cm,并较N_0P_0K_0、N_1P_1K_2和N_1P_2K_1增加显著(P<0.05);全氮在N_3P_2K_2(0.31 g/kg)和对照(0.23 g/kg)表现出显著性差异(P<0.05);全钾在N_2P_2K_3、N_1P_1K_2分别为1.58、1.57 g/kg,较对照(1.45 g/kg)增加显著(P<0.05);速效磷最大值出现在N_3P_2K_2(11.79 mg/kg),而速效钾则出现在N_2P_3K_2(358.83 mg/kg),并较各自最小值表现出显著性差异。Margalef丰富度指数在N_0P_2K_2较N_2P_2K_0、N_2P_2K_3和N_3P_2K_2增加显著,而在N_3P_2K_2较N_0P_2K_2、N_2P_1K_1降低显著。总的来看,该羊草草原N_2P_1K_1配施是提高产量,且不造成物种多样性下降的最佳选择,即施肥量为N56 kg/hm^2、P+2O+589 kg/hm^2、K_2O 34 kg/hm^2。In order to explore the effect of combined application of NPK fertilizer on grass yield, soil fertilizerand species diversity and provide a theoretical basis for restoration of degraded grassland,＂3414＂fertilizerapplication scheme of NPK fertilizer was conducted in Leymus chinensis steppe in the southern edge of InnerMongolia. The results showed that the above-ground biomass of Leymus chinensis had the maximum value of133.63 g/m^2 in N_2P_1K_1, which increased by 235.66% compared with that of N_0P_0K_0（no fertilizer application）significantly（P〈0.05）. The total above-ground biomass increased significantly in N_2P_2K_2, N_2P_1K_1, N_2P_0K_2 and N_2P_3K_2 compared with that in N_0P_0K_0（P〈0.05）. The total above-ground biomass of N_2P_2K_2 and N_2P_1K_1 was up to210.68 and 206.73 g/m^2, and increased by 116.86% and 112.80% compared with that of N_0P_0K_0 respectively.Soil electric conductivity in N_2P_3K_2 was 422.13 μs/cm, which was significantly larger than that of N_0P_0K_0,N1P1K2 and N1P2K1（P〈0.05）. Content of total N in N_3P_2K_2 had the highest value of 0.31 g/kg, which wassignificantly larger than that of N_0P_0K_0 which was 0.23 g/kg（P〈0.05）. Contents of total K in N_2P_2K_3 and N_1P_1K_2 were 1.58 and 1.57 g/kg respectively, and were significantly larger than that of N_0P_0K_0 which was 1.45 g/kg（P〈0.05）. Content of available P reached the peak（11.79 mg/kg） in N_3P_2K_2, while content of available Kreached the peak（358.83 mg/kg） in N_2P_3K_2. Margalef richness index increased significantly in N_0P_2K_2 compared with that in N_2P_2K_0, N_2P_2K_3 and N_3P_2K_2, while decreased significantly in N_3P_2K_2 compared with that inN_0P_2K_2 and N_2P_1K_1. Generally, it is suggested that the combined application of N_2P_1K_1（N 56 kg/hm^2, P_2O_5 89 kg/hm^2, K_2O 34 kg/hm^2） is the optimal choice in Leymus chinensis steppe.

关 键 词：羊草草原 产量 “3414”试验方案 NPK肥 

分 类 号：S147.22[农业科学—肥料学]