2013-2015年芜湖市学校流感样病例暴发疫情的流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza-like illness outbreaks in schools of Wuhu from 2013 to 2015

作　　者：安洲[1] 程周祥[1] 钱帮群[1] 王斐[1] 孙丽娜[1] 王共飞[1] AN Zhou CHEN Zhou-xiang QIAN Bang-qun WANG Fei SUN Li-na WANG Gong-fei(Wuhu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhu Anhui 241000, China)

机构地区：[1]芜湖市疾病预防控制中心,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2016年第22期4053-4056,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨2013-2015年芜湖市学校流感样病例暴发疫情的流行特征,为有效防控流感提供科学依据。方法通过"中国流感监测信息系统"收集2013-2015年芜湖市学校流感样病例暴发疫情的现场调查资料和实验室检测结果进行分析。结果 2013-2015年芜湖市共报告10起学校流感样病例暴发疫情,共报告病例155例,平均罹患率为2.17%(155/7142)。疫情报告最多的月份为1月(4起)、其次是5月(3起);主要发生在小学(7起,占70.00%)和幼儿园(3起,占30.00%),幼托儿童罹患率高于小学生(χ2=4.169,P=0.041);市区和农村各报告5起,市区学校罹患率高于农村学校(χ2=6.210,P=0.013);10起疫情中有8起(80.00%)为流感病毒核酸检测阳性,其中B型(Yamagat系)5起、H3N2型2起、H1N1型1起。疾病预防控制中心接到疫情信息报告距首例病例发病时间和疫情流行时间呈正相关(r=0.991,P<0.001)。结论小学和幼儿园是芜湖市学校流感样病例暴发疫情高发场所和防控重点,疫情信息及时报告是控制疫情流行的关键。Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of influenza-like illness （ILI） outbreaks in schools of Wuhu from 2013 to 2015, in order to provide a scientific basis for control and prevention of influenza. Methods The data of ILI outbreaks in schools of Wuhu and the laboratory detection results were collected through National Influenza Surveillance Information System in China, and descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted to interpret the data. Results A total of ten ILI outbreaks were reported in schools of Wuhu from 2013 to 2015, 155 cases of ILI were reported during the outbreaks, with the average attack rate of 2.17% （155/7142）. Four ILI outbreaks were reported in January, followed by three outbreaks in May. The ILI influenza outbreaks mainly occurred in primary schools （seven outbreaks, 70.00%） and kindergartens （three outbreaks, 30.00%）. The attack rate in kindergarten students was higher than that in primary school students（χ^2=4.169,P=0.041 ）. The urban and rural areas reported five outbreaks each, the attack rate in urban schools was higher than that in rural schools（χ^2=6.210,P=0.013）. Eight out of ten outbreaks were tested positive for influenza, consisting of five outbreaks for type B （Yamagat）, two outbreaks for H3N2, and one outbreak for novel H1N1. There was a positive correlation between the epidemic time and the duration from the onset of the first case to receiving reports at the center for disease control and prevention （r = 0.991 ,P 〈0.001 ）. Conclusion Primary schools and kindergartens were the major sites for ILI outbreak in Wuhu, and schools were the focus of prevention and control for the ILI outbreaks. Improving the timeliness of reporting should be the key points in controlling ILI outbreak.

关 键 词：流感 暴发 流行病学 学校 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]