氮磷钾肥量对玉米产量及养分吸收、利用效率的影响  

Effects of fertilization of N P K on maize yield,nutrients uptake and using efficiency

作　　者：王树林[1] 祁虹[1] 王燕[1] 张谦[1] 冯国艺[1] 林永增[1] 梁青龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院棉花研究所/农业部黄淮海半干旱区棉花生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,河北石家庄050051

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第11期768-773,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：科技部支撑计划"渤海粮仓科技示范工程"(2013BAD05B00)

摘　　要：[目的]探明粮棉轮作模式下玉米经济合理施肥量,以期提高肥料利用效率。[方法]在大田条件下采用随机区组试验,按照N、P_2O_5、K_2O分别设置了0、75、150、225、300kg·hm^(-2) 5个用量梯度,研究了不同肥料用量对玉米产量、养分吸收及肥料利用率的影响。[结果]氮用量在0~225kg·hm^(-2)之间时随施氮量增加,玉米籽粒产量增加,N225达到10 382kg·hm^(-2),氮用量超过225kg·hm^(-2)后产量下降,生物量与经济系数变化规律相似;秸秆氮含量随施氮量增加持续升高,N300处理达到0.680%,显著高于N0、N75与N150,但与N225差异不显著,秸秆氮携出量变化规律相似;籽粒氮含量随施氮量增加先升后降,以N225最高达到1.224%,氮携出量变化规律相似,N225达到127.1kg·hm^(-2)。施磷对玉米产量、生物量与经济系数无显著影响;但随施磷量增加,秸秆与籽粒中P含量均先升后降,秸秆中以P_225最高达到0.187%,籽粒中以P150最高达到0.582%,均显著高于对照;秸秆中P_2O_5携出量随施磷量增加而增加,籽粒中P_2O_5携出量不同处理间差异不显著。施钾增加玉米籽粒产量,K75、K150、K_225与K300分别较K0增加10.8%、12.0%、13.3%、13.4%,但不同用量间差异不显著,生物量变化规律相似,经济系数则变化不大;秸秆K含量与K_2O携出量均随施钾量增加先升后降,以K_225最高,分别达到2.352%与217.4kg·hm^(-2),籽粒K含量不同处理间差异不显著,籽粒K_2O携出量对照显著低于各施钾处理,但不同钾肥用量间差异不显著。[结论]综合考虑产量、养分吸收与肥料利用率结果,玉米季肥料适宜用量为N 225kg·hm^(-2),K_2O 75kg·hm^(-2),免施磷肥。[Objective]In order to identify the optimum fertilizer rates for maize in cotton-wheat-maize rotation system.[Methods]Five treatments（0,75,150,225,300kg/hm2）for each N,P2O5,K2 O were designed to study the effect of fertilizer rates on maize yield,nutrient uptake and fertilizer using efficiency by adopting randomized block design in fields.[Results]The results showed that with the increase of the nitrogen from 0to 225kg·hm^-2,the maize yield increased,which reached 10 382kg·hm^-2 when the N rate was 225kg·hm^-2,but when the nitrogen rate exceeded 225kg·hm^-2 the maize yield decreased.The biomass and economic coefficient changed as the same trend.The N content in straws increased with the increase of the N rate,which reached 0.680% when the N rate was 300kg·hm^-2,and the N content of N300 was higher significantly than that of N0,N75,N150,but there was no significant difference between N300 and N225.The N uptake in straws changed as the same trend.The N content in grains increased firstly then decreased with the increase of the N rate,which reached 1.224% when the N rate was 225kg·hm^-2,the N uptake in grains changed as the same trend,which reached 127.1kg·hm^-2 when the N rate was 225kg·hm^-2.Phosphorus had no effects on the maize yield,biomass and economic coefficient.But P content in straws and grains increased firstly then decreased with the increase of P2O5 rate,the P content in straws reached the most（0.187%）when the P2O5 ratewas 225kg·hm^-2,but for the grains it was 0.582% when the P2O5 rate was 150kg·hm^-2.The P2O5 uptake in straws increased with the increase of P2O5 rate,but there was no significant difference for P2O5 uptake in grains.The potassium increased maize yield,K75,K150,K225 and K300increased yield by 10.8%、12.0%、13.3%、13.4% compared with the K0 respectively,but there was no significant difference between treatments which applied K_2 O,the biomass with the same trend,but the economic coefficients of different treatments changed little.The K content and the K2 O uptake in st

关 键 词：氮磷钾 玉米产量 养分吸收 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]