磷肥用量对番茄产量、磷素利用及土壤有效磷的影响  

Effect of Phosphorus Application Rate on Tomato Yield and Phosphorus Utilization and Soil Available Phosphorus

作　　者：何金明[1] 高峻岭[1] 宋克光 唐继伟[3] 李祥云[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛市农业科学研究院,山东青岛266100 [2]青岛即墨国家农业高新技术开发区管理委员会,山东青岛266200 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2016年第31期40-45,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-25-X-XX)

摘　　要：在高投入高产出的现代耕作制度下,探讨磷肥用量对番茄产量的影响,为获得最佳磷肥用量提供依据。试验采用单因素随机区组设计,对黄瓜-番茄轮作磷肥定位试验进行研究,番茄季研究结果表明:磷肥施用有利于提高番茄果实产量和品质,有利于提高果实和整株的干物质量、磷含量和磷累积量。磷表观利用率随磷肥用量增加显著降低;当P_2O_5用量大于225 kg/hm^2时,土壤Olsen-P和进入土壤中的肥料磷增加,增加了磷淋溶风险。结果得出:若以追求产量为研究目的,则以P_2O_5用量300 kg/hm^2为宜;若以产量为主,兼顾磷淋溶,则以P_2O_5用量225 kg/hm^2为宜;若以磷淋溶为主,兼顾产量,以P_2O_5用量150 kg/hm^2为宜。Under the farming system of high investment and high production, we studied the effects ofphosphorus application rate on tomato yield, in order to find out the cultivation theory basis for obtaining theoptimal phosphate fertilizer dosage. By a randomized block design, the yield response of tomato to phosphatefertilizer was studied with cucumber- tomato rotation in a long- term experiment. The effect of phosphatefertilizer on soil phosphorus（Olsen-P）, phosphorus utilization and fruit quality were also investigated underdifferent rates of phosphate fertilizer. Results showed that application of phosphate fertilizer increased theyield, dry matter quantity, total P content, P cumulant content and soluble solid content of tomato fruit. Papparent recovery efficiency of tomato plant decreased gradually with the increase of phosphate fertilizer rate.When P_2O_5 rate was above 225 kg/hm^2, the Olsen-P in 0-20 cm soil profile was increased gradually with theincrease of phosphate fertilizer rate and planting season, and thus, increased the leaching risk. From thisresult, we could conclude that 300 kg/hm^2 of P_2O_5was suitable if the research aim was achieving the highestyield of tomato, and 225 kg/hm^2 of P_2O_5was suitable if pursuing yield of tomato was the main research purposeaccompanied with phosphorus leaching, and the suitable P_2O_5 rate was 150 kg/hm^2 if the research mainly aimed to at phosphorus leaching accompanied with the yield of tomato.

关 键 词：番茄 产量 品质 磷素利用 OLSEN-P 

分 类 号：S143.22[农业科学—肥料学]