中国大陆1961-2010年间气候舒适期的空间格局及其演变  

Spatial patterns and evolving characteristics of climate comfortable period in the mainland of China: 1961-2010

作　　者：李山[1,2] 孙美淑 张伟佳[1,2] 谭蕾[1,2] 朱妮娜[1,2] 王远飞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学地理科学学院,上海200241 [2]华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《地理研究》2016年第11期2053-2070,共18页Geographical Research

基　　金：国家重大科学研究计划课题(2012CB955803);国家社会科学基金重点项目(12AJY008)

摘　　要：气候舒适期作为气候舒适度/人体舒适度评价的一种时间标尺,对建筑设计、人体健康和旅游发展等意义深远。以"月"界定气候舒适期的传统研究因时间粒度较大,不利于全球变化下区域间横向和区域内纵向的比较和解析。根据中国大陆775个基本(基准)气象站点1961-2010年间的逐日气象数据,利用温湿指数(THI)和风效指数(WEI)的组合模型策略对其"舒适"分级标准进行改进,在"天气舒适日数累加"这一以"天"为粒度的气候舒适期界定下,对中国大陆近50年来气候舒适期的空间格局及其演变开展分析。研究给出了中国大陆的年均气候舒适期数值及其季节分配,揭示了年均气候舒适期的空间格局及其季节性差异,探讨了50年来气候舒适期的空间演变及其季节性特点,为全球变化的区域响应提供一种有关人居环境建设和人类活动适应的基础认识和科学依据。Climate comfortable period （CCP） is a temporal index evaluating the climate comfortableness or human thermal comfortableness. It is of significance to architectural design, public health and tourism development etc. Most of studies on CCP generally take month-scale as the time granularity, which is too long to precisely chart the intra- or inter-regional differences, especially under global climate change. This article chooses day-scale as the time granularity of CCP, which is more precise than month-scale. Based on the daily meteorological data from 775 basic weather stations in the mainland of China from 1961 to 2010, which is provided by China Meteorological Science Data Sharing Service Network, this paper makes use of Temperature Humidity Index （THI） and Wind Effect Index （WEI）, and modifies them to fit the actual situation of China in order to assess the climate comfortableness in the mainland of China since the 1960s. This study indicates the average annual and seasonal CCP and its spatial patterns in the mainland of China, and summarizes the evolving characteristics of CCP over the past 50 years. These results can provide some scientific understandings for human settlements environmental constructions, and also be helpful to improve local or regional resilience responding to global climate change.

关 键 词：气候舒适度 人体舒适度 天气舒适日数 风效指数 温湿指数 旅游气候学 胡焕庸线 

分 类 号：P463[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]