青少年中长跑运动员模拟湿热环境习服心血管反应的变化  

Changes of Cardiovascular and Hematologic Responses of Adolescent Middle and Long Distance Runners after the Simulation Training in Heat Acclimation and Humid Environment

作　　者：许弟群[1,2] 王人卫[2] 李国强[2] 吴卫兵[2] 任杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]闽南师范大学体育学院,福建漳州363000 [2]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2016年第6期62-68,114,共8页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：上海市科委攻关项目(10490503600);闽南师范大学新世纪优秀人才支持项目(SX13001);福建省社科规划项目(FJ2016B172)

摘　　要：目的:探讨模拟湿热环境习服及急性运动运动员心血管反应的变化。方法:20名男性中长跑运动员随机分成湿热环境习服组(HA)和自然环境组(HH)。HA受试者在模拟环境房内先进行为期10天的习服,同期相应时间HH受试者在室内自然环境下进行相同的身体活动。HA受试者习服结束后次日,两组受试者进入33℃、RH80%的环境房内先站10min,随后以70%VO_2max负荷强度蹬骑功率自行车40min或其它原因提前终止。检测运动时间、直肠温度、心率(HR)、血压、主要体液调节激素、血常规及渗透压、HR变异性指标。结果:习服引起显著的心率、直肠温度和LF/HF下降,并伴随mRR、SDNN、rMSSD、HF显著增加(P<0.05)。急性运动时,HA较HH受试者运动时间更长,运动终末直肠温度更高和温度增长速率更低以及预计达到40℃时间更长(P<0.05);所有受试者HR均随运动时间延长显著增加(P<0.001),在45 min之前观测的各时间点两组HR未见显著差异(P>0.05),45min时,HA HR和LF/HF变化率更低(P<0.05);运动前后组内收缩压升高及HH舒张压显著下降(P<0.05),HA舒张压未见显著性差异(P>0.05);主要体液调节激素中,除HH AVP外运动后两组均显著升高(P<0.05),与HH比较,HA安静ALD更高(P<0.05),且HA组运动前后相关激素变化幅度小于HH组(HA组AVP例外),但均未见统计学意义(P>0.05);HA血浆渗透压和血容量变化有低于HH趋势,但均未见显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:青少年中长跑运动员热习服伴随着显著的HR和核心温度下降和明显的迷走神经支配优势的HR变异性变化,习服提高了急性运动自主神经均衡稳定性,降低了热环境下的热应激和心血管反应。Objective：The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of cardiovascular and hematologic responses of adolescent middle and long distance runners during heat acclimation and exercise in the humid heat.Methods：20male adolescent middle and long distance runners from sport school of Shanghai Sport University were randomized to heat acclimation group（HA）and natural environment group（HH）.The participations of HA were asked to heat acclimation in 10 consecutive days in simulation environment.In the same period,the participations of HH were asked to exercise like HA at the same time but in the indoor nature environment.The day after heat acclimation,all participations of both groups were asked to stand for10 minutes and then to cycle at 70% of theirVO_2 peak work load for 40 minutes or exercise termination in the humid heat（33℃,80% relative humidity）.During the phase of acute exercise,core temperature,blood pressure,heart rate and heart rate variability andkey hormones in regulating fluid and electrolyte were measured.Routine blood,blood lactic acid and plasma osmotic pressure were measured.Results：Heat acclimation resulted in significantly reduced core temperature and heart rate.Heat acclimation was accompanied by significantly increase in mRR、Ln SDNN、LnrMSSD、Ln HF and decline in LF/HF.In acute exercise,Tre and cycle time of HA were different from that of HH（P〈0.05）.Compared with HH,RTre of HA in the humid heat was lower than that of HH（P〈0.05）and time estimated temperature would reach 40℃ needed more.The mean heart rate of two groups increased significantly with time while exercising in the humid heat（P 〉0.001）.There was no significant difference until 45min between the mean heart rate of two groups（P〈0.05）.At 45 min,the mean heart rate and changes rate of LF/HF of HH was more than that of HA.Systolic pressure of both groups increased significantly postexercise（P〈0.05）.Diastolic pressure of HH decreased significantly postexercise（P〈0.05）,th

关 键 词：热习服 运动 热应激 心血管反应 模拟湿热环境 

分 类 号：G804.7[文化科学—运动人体科学]