油菜饼粕生物炭制备过程中多环芳烃的生成、分配及毒性特征  

Generation, distribution and toxicity characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during the preparation of biochar from rapeseed cake

作　　者：罗飞[1,2] 宋静[2] 陈梦舫[2] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市环境科学研究院,广东深圳518001 [2]中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室,中国科学院南京土壤研究所,南京210008

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2016年第11期2210-2215,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51309214);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(KFJ-EW-STS-091)

摘　　要：以油菜饼粕为原料,在300、500、700℃下进行缺氧慢速热解,研究生物炭和生物油中PAHs(多环芳烃)的生成、分配及毒性特征。结果表明:PAHs的生成量随热解温度升高而逐渐减少,在300~700℃下热解后分配于生物炭和生物油中的PAHs含量分别为42.7~1 460.8μg·kg^(-1)和5 799.9~53 151.0μg·kg^(-1)。生成的PAHs以低环(2环、3环、4环)为主,其在生物炭和生物油中所占比例分别为97.4%~98.8%和97.8%~99.0%。97%以上的PAHs分配于生物油相,生物炭中PAHs的残留量较低。5环PAHs是生物炭和生物油中苯并[a]芘毒性当量浓度(TEQ_(BaP))的主要贡献者。较高温度条件下热解有利于降低PAHs的生成量及其潜在的致癌风险,可作为制备油菜饼粕生物炭的推荐工艺条件。In the present study, rapeseed cake was slowly pyrolyzed under anoxic conditions at 300, 500, and 700 ℃. The generation, distribution and toxicity characteristics of PAHs（polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons） in both biochars and bio-oils were investigated. The results showed that the amount of generated PAHs decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. When produced between 300 and 700 ℃, PAHs concentrations ranged from 42.7 to 1 460.8 μg·kg^-1 in biochars and from 5 799.9 to 53 151.0 μg·kg^-1 in bio-oils, respectively. Light molecular weight PAHs（2 rings, 3 rings and 4 rings）were the dominant components, accounting for 97.4%～98.8% in biochars and 97.8%～99.0% in bio-oils. More than 97% of the PAHs mass were allocated in the bio-oil phase whereas only a small portion existed in the carbon material. 5ring PAHs were the major contributors to the toxic equivalency of Ba P（TEQ_（BaP））of biochars and bio-oils. Higher temperature is recommended for production of biochars from rapeseed cake due to lower PAHs generation and lower potential cancer risk.

关 键 词：生物炭 生物油 多环芳烃 毒性当量 环境安全 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]