试论中小型地质工程“三分勘察七分经验”  

On the Thirty-percent-investigation and Seventy-percent-experience for Medium—small Scale Geoengineering Projects

作　　者：尚彦军[1,2] 金维浚[2] 何万通 李坤[2] 杨长德[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆工程学院,乌鲁木齐830023 [2]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,中国科学院页岩气与地质工程重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《地质论评》2016年第6期1487-1496,共10页Geological Review

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:41372324);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(编号:2014CB46901)资助成果~~

摘　　要：作为服务于地质工程设计和施工基本工作的工程地质勘察,先进理论、技术方法和类似工程的经验等支撑起了它有序开展。然而,在复杂地质条件下,常因揭露出不良地质体和诸多诱发因素存在而导致施工地质灾害,使得中小型地质工程中勘察实物工作量和工程地质分析为主的经验必须有机结合,即业界俗称"三分勘察七分经验"。如何科学认识和合理实施此对策?在学习吸收前人综合集成理论等基础上,本文试着将工程地质勘察同中医诊治进行对比,提出了正算(归纳总结)反演(假说演绎加典型类比)相结合的思想。结合北方某高速公路边坡施工中发生破坏的案例,从教训剖析中揭示复杂地质条件下中小型地质工程勘察理论和经验紧密结合的必要性和可操作性。本文研究结果为深入认识勘察实物工作量的合理性、基础代表性,专家经验的正确性和地区制约性等,提供了可资参考的资料和案例分析结果。Objectives：Engineering geological investigation, as one essential basis of geoengineering design and construction,is supported by advanced theories,technologies and the experiences from previous typical examples. While in complicated geological conditions,the engineers have to adopt not only those procedures conducted by manpower and instruments,but also the empirical method which is mainly based on engineering geological analysis, in case of potential construction induced geohazards.That is what the so called thirty-percent-investigation and seventy-percent-experience approach.How to scientifically understand the meanings of this approach and to accomplish engineering geological investigation in a feasible way？Methods：Reviewing and summarizing the theories in engineering geology,and comparing them to the TCM （Theory of Chinese Medicine）,this paper introduce the idea of normal deducing plus back analysis,the former is the general process of summarizing,and the latter refers to the process of hypothesizing and analogic analyzing. Moreover,a slope failure case at an expressway in North China was analyzed. Results：The case example analysis reminds the importance and exemplifies the operation of the methodology combining the engineering geological investigation with empirical analysis under complicated geological conditions. And the measurements could be adopted step by step when combining them.Therefore,the results provide a reference to the check of data and case analysis corrections,to the rationality of the workload of the investigation, the basis of representation,the correctness of the experience of experts and regional constraints.

关 键 词：工程地质勘察 中医理论 不良地质体 疑难杂症 地质结构模型 

分 类 号：U412.22[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程] P642[天文地球—工程地质学]