泉州湾红树林区鱼类物种多样性及其对鱼类生态的支撑作用  

Fish Biodiversity and Ecological Support for Fishes in Quanzhou Bay Mangrove Zone

作　　者：郭治明[1] 陈杰[1] 鞠培龙 方聪[1] 杜建国[2] 杨圣云[1] 陈明茹[1] 肖佳媚[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学海洋与地球学院,福建厦门361102 [2]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第6期860-868,共9页Journal of Xiamen University：Natural Science

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项(201305030-4;201505027-2)

摘　　要：2013—2014年在泉州湾洛阳江口天然红树林区进行4个季节每季连续15d的鱼类采样,以研究该区域内鱼类的种类组成、区系特征、优势种/类群及多样性指数等的季节变化,并讨论红树林区对鱼类的生态支撑作用.共采集鱼类72种(其中2种鉴定到目,1种鉴定到科,1种鉴定到属,其余均鉴定到种),隶属于9目34科,其中91.3%为暖水性种类,8.7%为暖温性种类;优势种/类群存在季节变化,春、夏季优势种以定居种(如中华乌塘鳢(Bostrychus sinensis)、虎鱼科(Gobiidae)的鱼类等)为主,秋、冬季优势种则以鲻科(Mugilidae)的鱼类、花(Clupanodon thrissa)、七丝鲚(Coilia grayii)等非定居中上层鱼类为主;物种数、物种丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数的季节变化均为夏季>秋季>冬季>春季.与其他相似的红树林区域比较,泉州湾红树林区的鱼类物种丰富度指数和多样性指数均较高.在此基础上从鱼类体长生长的季节变化角度,讨论了泉州湾红树林区作为鱼类育幼场、索饵场和躲避敌害场所的生态功能,说明红树林生态系统存在完整的海洋食物网,对区内鱼类具有生态支撑作用,强调了保护红树林这一典型生态系统的重要科学意义.Seasonal changes in species composition,ecotype,dominant species and biodiversity of fishes were analyzed in this study. Sampling was conducted in Quanzhou Bay mangrove zone in 4 seasons year-round from 2013 to 2014.A total of 72 fish species were recorded,belonging to 34 families,9 orders and 1 class,with 8.7% warm-temperate species and 91.3% warm-water species.Investigation showed that the dominant species varied with season.Dominant species in spring and summer mainly consisted of resident species,such as Bostrychus sinensis,Gobiidae spp., etc. ;while dominant species in autumn and winter mainly consisted of non-resident and pelagic species, such as Mugilidae spp., Clupanodon thrissa, Coilia grayii, etc.. Number of species, the species richness index （D） ,Shannon- Wiener index （H＇） and Pielou evenness index （J） showed a tendency of summer 〉 autumn 〉 winter 〉spring.The species richness index （D） and Shannon-Wiener index （H＇） in Quanzhou bay mangrove zone were relatively high, compared with other similar mangrove areas.ln addition,the ecological function of Quanzhou bay mangrove zone for fishes was discussed based on nursery,feeding and shelter.Our study suggests that the ecological support of Quanzhou bay mangrove zone for fishes is important and there is a complete oceanic food web in Quanzhou bay mangrove zone, which emphasizes the importance of the protection of mangrove.

关 键 词：泉州湾 红树林区 鱼类 物种多样性 生态支撑 

分 类 号：Q145.2[生物学—生态学]