北疆引水干渠边坡生态恢复效果的调查与评价——以新疆克拉玛依市西干渠工程黄旗坝段为例  

Effect of Slope Ecological Protection Measures in Northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region—Taking Canal Program in Western Part of Karamay in Huangqiba Section in Xijiang Region as a Case Study

作　　者：刘赛[1,2] 蒋进[1] 李中邵[3] 郭显军[3] 王建宝 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]新疆油田公司供水公司,新疆克拉玛依834000 [4]克拉玛依农林牧有限责任公司,新疆克拉玛依834000

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2016年第5期248-254,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项"大型引水干渠生态修复与综合治理"(201130106-3);地方合作项目(Y352161001)

摘　　要：[目的]分析西干渠黄旗坝段边坡生态恢复效果,为调控植被演替速率和预期植被恢复效果提供依据。[方法]对渠道开挖造成的阴坡、阳坡和渠道边坡坡顶上的自然生境下对照样地的土壤、植被状况进行了调查和分析。[结果](1)经过生态恢复后的阴坡、阳坡植物的多度、盖度、均匀度指数Pielou、多样性指数Shannon-Wiener和丰富度指数Margalef均有所提高,阴坡高于阳坡,但仍低于自然生境下的水平。(2)在土壤氮、磷、钾养分特性方面,阴坡、阳坡的土壤氮、磷、钾养分均有所提高,但仍低于自然生境下的水平,呈现出自然生境>阴坡>阳坡的分布差异。(3)阴坡、阳坡经过生态恢复后植物群落指数仍偏低,群落演替仍处于灌草植物群落阶段。[结论]边坡生态恢复技术能改善西干渠地区边坡的土壤养分状况,促进边坡植被的生长,但鉴于西干渠地区特殊的环境条件,短时间内生态恢复措施效果尚不明显,需加大长期的修复力度。另外,北疆地区边坡生态恢复中植物的选择应以当地乡土植物为主。[Objective] The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of slope ecological protection measures in western part of Huangqiba section in northern of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, in order to provide the scientific basis for regulating vegetation succession rate and expected vegetation restoration effect.[Methods] We investigated soil and vegetation conditions in the canal slopes caused by excavation and natural habitat at the top of channel.[Results] （1） After ecological restoration, the plant density, coverage, evenness index（Pielou）, diversity index（Shannon-Wiener） and richness index（Margalef） in the sunny and shady slope has been improved, and the improvement in shady slope was higher than in the sunny slope, but still lower than the natural habitats. （2） Soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrient characteristics in both shady slope and sunny slope were increased, however, they were still lower than the level of natural habitats, which showed as：the natural habitat 〉 shady slope 〉 sunny slope. （3） After the ecological restoration, the plant community index of the shady and sunny slope was still low, and the community succession was still in the stage of shrub and grass plant community.[Conclusion] The slope ecological restoration technology can improve the soil fertility status and promote the growth of vegetation on the side slope. Due to the special environmental conditions of the west main canal area, short-term ecological restoration measures is not enough and long-term restoration is needed. In addition, native plants should be selected in the slope ecological restoration plant in the northern area of Xinjiang region.

关 键 词：西干渠 边坡 植物多样性 生态恢复 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] X171.4[农业科学—农业基础科学]