起伏地形对气温时空分布的影响——以重庆市为例  

Effects of Rugged Terrain on Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Temperature—Taking Chongqing City as a Case Study

作　　者：周梦甜 李军[1,2] 何君[1] 朱康文[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学地理与旅游学院,重庆400047 [2]重庆师范大学GIS应用研究重庆市高校重点实验室,重庆400047

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2016年第5期346-351,F0002,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：重庆市气象局开放式研究基金项目"重庆地区起伏地形下气温空间分布的三维模拟"(Kfjj-201303);国家自然科学基金项目"山地人居环境空间信息图谱的区域构建:以三峡库区为例"(51308575);重庆师范大学基金(11XLB050)

摘　　要：[目的]基于GIS技术等分析起伏地形下气温的时空分布及其变化,为研究区域生态环境、农业区划及气候变化等提供借鉴和参考。[方法]以重庆市为例,利用34个气象站点1971—2010年历年平均气温资料,通过在气温与经纬度、海拔高度、坡度和坡向等地理和地形因子之间建立模型,并在GIS平台基于高空间分辨率的DEM数据(100m×100m)对气温空间分布进行定量估算和三维模拟。[结果](1)近40a内不同年代际的平均气温与诸多地理和地形因子之间的复相关系数均在0.8以上。(2)近40a内的年平均气温呈现出先降后升的变化。(3)绝大部分地区的年平均气温在近40a内均呈现增加趋势,且增加幅度表现为:渝东南>渝东北>渝西。[结论]起伏地形下气温的空间分布与诸多地理和地形因子之间的相关关系显著,且基于高空间分辨率的DEM数据利用GIS的三维模拟技术能够直观鲜明的体现出起伏地形下气温的空间分布及其变化特征。[Objective] We aimed to analyze the spatial distribution and its change of air temperature based on GIS technology in rugged terrain, in order to provide basis for the study of regional ecological environment, agriculture regionalization, and climate change.[Methods] Taking Chongqing City as a case study, we collected annual temperature data from 1971 to 2010 in 34 meteorological stations in Chongqing City, and constructed the air temperature spatial distribution model according to the correlation between air temperature and topographic factors（longitude, latitude, altitude, slope, and aspect） based on GIS and DEM（digital elevation model） with high resolution（100 m×100 m）.[Results] （1） Correlation coefficient between different inter-decadal air temperature and topographical factors were all greater than 0.8. （2） The annual temperature decreased initially and then increased. In 1970s and 1980s, it showed a downward trend, while from 1990s, it showed a significant increase. （3） Temperature in most areas of Chongqing City tended to increase, and the increasing range was：southeast 〉 northeast 〉 west.[Conclusion] In rugged terrain, the spatial distribution of air temperature has strong correlations with topographical factors. Moreover, three-dimensional display of air temperature in ArcScene based on GIS can clearly reflect the spatial distribution of air temperature.

关 键 词：起伏地形 气温 时空分布 重庆市 

分 类 号：S161.24[农业科学—农业气象学]