最低工资对中国劳动密集型出口产品价格的影响  

Minimum Wage and the Price of Labor Intensive Export Products of China

作　　者：马双[1] 邱光前 Ma Shuang Qiu Guangqian

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《世界经济》2016年第11期80-103,共24页The Journal of World Economy

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(13YJC790108);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金创新团队项目"劳动力市场与劳动政策评估创新团队"(JBK160502);中央高校基本科研业务费项目"中国劳动密集型产品出口价格的比较优势在迅速消失吗?"(JBK160142)的资助

摘　　要：本文基于各地市最低工资标准在增幅上的外生差异,利用2005-2006年中国海关进出口微观数据考察了最低工资标准上涨与劳动密集型产品出口价格之间的关系。研究发现:(1)劳动密集型行业最低工资每提高10%,出口产品价格将上升1.12%。相较于印度,当最低工资标准提高116%以后,中国出口产品的价格优势将不复存在。(2)东部地区最低工资标准上涨对商品出口价格的影响最大,中部地区其次,西部地区影响不显著。(3)以加工贸易方式出口的产品,其价格受最低工资标准提高的影响大于一般贸易出口方式。Based on the exogenous difference of minimum wage standards in various cities and times,this paper analyzes the relationship between the minimum wage and the price of labor-intensive export products. By using the 2005-2006 large micro data of products exported from China Customs and monthly minimum wage data in all Chinese cities,we find that for labor-intensive industries,if minimum wage increases by 10%,then the price of export products significantly increases by 1. 12%. Compared to India-the main trade competitors of China,if the minimum wage increased by 116%,China will lose its price advantage.The quasi-natural experiment of geographically closed cities in the minimum wage adjustment confirms the robustness of our conclusions. The above effect is heterogeneous,most compelling in eastern region while insignificant in western region. Moreover,for processing trade,every 10% increase of the minimum wage can significantly raise the price of export products by 4. 5%,which is twice as much as that in general trade. Rising labor costs will force China to transform from processing trade to general trade.

关 键 词：最低工资标准 出口产品价格 劳动密集型产品 

分 类 号：F752.62[经济管理—国际贸易] F726[经济管理—产业经济]