上海口岸赴五国出境人员结核病筛查策略及筛查结果比较  

Comparison of tuberculosis screening strategies in the population applying entry to five developed countries in Shanghai port

作　　者：孟成艳[1] 周娴[1] 蔡蕾[1] 陈磊[1] 潘佳鸿[1] 潘俊[1] 叶魏[1] MENG Cheng-yan ZHOU Xian CAI Lei CHEN Lei PAN Jia-hong PAN Jun YE Wei(Shanghai International Travel Healthcare Center, Shanghai 200335, Chin)

机构地区：[1]上海国际旅行卫生保健中心,上海200335

出　　处：《中国国境卫生检疫杂志》2016年第5期352-355,共4页Chinese Journal of Frontier Health and Quarantine

基　　金：国家质检总局科技计划项目(2015IK231)

摘　　要：目的了解美国、英国、澳大利亚、加拿大和新西兰5个发达国家对入境人员结核病的筛查策略以及在上海口岸的应用情况。方法查找文献对5个国家的结核病防治策略进行比较分析,同时收集2014年上海口岸赴5个国家的出境人员中疑似肺结核患者的痰细菌学检查报告,比较痰检阳性率。结果美国、英国、澳大利亚、加拿大和新西兰5个国家的结核病筛查策略原则相同,都是将筛查前置至入境前,制定详细的技术指导,由授权的健康评估机构和医生严格执行。通过比较2014年肺结核筛查情况,美国的痰细菌学检查标准高,阳性率也最低。英国痰细菌学检查标准较松,阳性率最高。结论美国的技术指导最严格,操作性也最强,可以为制定我国口岸的结核病筛查标准提供建议和指导。Objective To compare tuberculosis（TB） screening strategies in the population applying entry to United States（US）,United Kingdom（UK）,Australia,Canada and New Zealand in Shanghai port. Methods The literatures of Technical Instructions（TIs） on TB screening of these five countries were collected. Accordance to these TIs,people suspected of TB were required to receive sputum smear and cultures. Results TB screening strategies of all five developed countries set TB screening before people entry their borders. All the five countries make their individual TIs for TB screening and designate panel sites and panel physicians on the countries where people come from. We compared TB screening result in the population applying boarder entry to those countries in Shanghai port in 2014.It was found that TIs of US was the most strictly on standards for sputum tests,and therefore the positive rate was the lowest among the population applying entry to all the five countries. The TIs of UK was relatively loose on standards and the positive rate was the highest. The positive rates of the other three countries were similar.Conclusion TB screening strategies of these five counties could provide advises and guidance for strategy making in our own country.

关 键 词：结核病 细菌学 口岸 

分 类 号：R521[医药卫生—内科学]