基于近等速机构的玉米全膜双垄沟穴播机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Hill-seeder with Whole Plastic-film Mulching on Double Ridges for Corn Based on Mechanism with Approximate Constant Speed

作　　者：戴飞[1] 赵武云[1] 石林榕[1] 唐学鹏[2] 王久鑫 刘小龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学工学院,兰州730070 [2]新疆农业大学机械交通学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2016年第11期74-81,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51405086);甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(1506RJYA020);甘肃省科技重大专项计划项目(143NKDF016)

摘　　要：针对传统膜上播种机具作业存在的撕膜、挑膜、穴孔错位等问题,通过应用转动导杆机构与正弦机构进行串联,结合强排播种机构、直插播种装置及排种系统,设计了基于近等速机构的玉米全膜双垄沟直插式电动穴播机,并对其关键部件结构参数进行了设计。田间试验表明,通过近等速补偿机构与放大机构相配合,对直插播种装置进行控制、协调,实现了成穴器位于播种段与出土段的水平分速为零,穴孔布置及播种作业运动轨迹合理;强排播种机构能够实现成穴器扎入覆膜种床后的准确开启投种、快速闭合,可有效缓解膜下播种多粒、空穴与成穴器堵塞问题。作业机田间播种性能试验指标均达到了国家相关作业质量评价技术规范要求,与一代样机作业性能相比有较大改进与提升,符合玉米全膜覆盖双垄沟播的农艺技术要求。The furrow sowing with whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges was widely used in the arid region of northwest China, because it could resist drought and increase production. So the mechanical plowing and filming on seedbed was an inevitable trend in farming. With aim to solve these problems about picked film, tore film and kind of holes with seedlings dislocation which were caused by the traditional film seeding machine, an electric direct insert hill-seeder was designed based on the mechanism with approximate constant speed with corn whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges. The electric direct insert hill-seeder was designed by applying the rotating guide rod mechanism in series with the sine institutions and forced seeding mechanism, direct insert sowing mechanism and feeding system. And the structural parameters of its key parts were analyzed. Field experiment showed that through the mechanism with approximate constant speed to match the amplification mechanism, can control and coordinate the direct insert sowing mechanism. It achieved that the hole-former horizontal velocity component was zero in sowing period and excavating period, the planting distance could be adjusted within a certain range, and the arrangement of the soil hole and the hole-former motion trajectory were all reasonable. It adopted forced seeding mechanism to control the hole-former precision opening and rapid closing in fixed-point, which could effectively alleviate more seed, positive hole and the hill-seeder blocking under the plastic-film. The operation machine field planting performance test related indicators were up to the relevant work quality evaluation specification requirements, and compared with the generation of prototype work performance had greater improvement and upgrading, which was to meet the requirements of agronomic techniques of dry-land corn furrow seeder with whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges

关 键 词：玉米 全膜双垄沟穴播机 近等速机构 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]