生物炭对设施黄瓜根际土壤养分和菌群的影响  

Effect of Biological Carbon on Nutrient and Bacterial Communities of Rhizosphere Soil of Facility Cucumber

作　　者：李明[1] 胡云[1] 黄修梅[1] 张清梅[1] 尹春[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,包头014109

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2016年第11期172-178,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51509132;31660602)

摘　　要：以设施黄瓜根际土壤为试验对象,通过每hm2添加5、10、20、40、60 t不同生物炭量作为处理,研究黄瓜结果期养分和细菌群落变化规律,探讨生物炭调控二者间相互作用机制。试验结果表明：在生物炭添加量为5~60 t/hm2时,在黄瓜结果期可不同程度提高根际土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有机碳含量和全氮质量比;在20~60 t/hm2时,可明显提高结果盛期根际土壤细菌中变形菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门丰度而降低酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门丰度;生物炭通过调控并提高变形菌门γ-变形菌纲、放线菌门放线菌纲放线菌目等细菌数量和比例,促进根际土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾质量比的提高;经综合比较,20 t/hm2的生物炭量处理效果优于其他处理,与对照相比,在结果盛期可提高根际土壤碱解氮质量比39.86%、速效磷质量比135.95%、速效钾质量比81.35%、有机碳质量比82.89%、全氮质量比73.77%。The rhizosphere soil of facility cucumber was selected to study the effect of different biological carbon contents on changing rule of nutrient content and bacterial communities, and the regulated mechanism between nutrient content and bacterial communities during fruit growth stage. The treatments were amount of 5 t, 10 t, 20 t, 40 t and 60 t biological carbon respectively added in per hectare, and the test control was the soil which did not added biological carbon in the experiment. The results showed that the content of rhizosphere soil alkali hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic carbon, total nitrogen content were improved in various degree with amount of 5 ~ 60 t/hm2 of biological carbon, that bacteria abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes were increased but bacteria abundance of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi were reduced with amount of 20 ~ 60 t/hm2 of biological carbon, that contents of soil alkali hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were promoted improvement by biochar regulating and improving quantity and proportion of Proteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria ActinObacteria Actinomycetales. The study also showed that by comprehensive comparison, the effect of amount of 20 t/hm2 of biological carbon was better than that of other treatments, and the treatment of amount of 20 t/hm2 significantly and respectively increased rhizosphere soil alkaline nitrogen content by 39.86%, available phosphorus content by 135.95%, available potassium content by 81.35%, organic carbon content by 82. 89%, and total nitrogen content by 73.77% , compared with the test control in full fruiting period of cucumber.

关 键 词：黄瓜 根际土壤 生物炭 养分 细菌群落 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]