基于CCD超站仪的森林样地建立与精测方法研究  

Establishment and Precise Measurement of Forest Sample Plot Based on CCD Super Station

作　　者：刘金成[1] 黄晓东[2] 杨立岩[1] 冯仲科[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学精准林业北京市重点实验室,北京100083 [2]北京联合大学应用文理学院,北京100101

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2016年第11期316-321,328,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41371001);北京市科技专项(Z15110000161596)

摘　　要：为了能够快捷、精准地进行固定样地定位和样木胸径测量,提出一种利用CCD超站仪按测带进行像对观测的方法,在GPS/RTK确定或假定的观测点上架设仪器,借助全站仪坐标测量和角度测量功能精确记录CCD摄影瞬间的外方位元素,并确定出其他观测点坐标,选择合适基线长建立像对进行观测,提取目标位置的相对三维坐标,以"S"形路线按测带进行测量,配合少量的人工补测和相关坐标系的旋转变换,实现森林固定样地精准建立和胸径精测的目的。通过实地测试,表明利用该方法能够以较少的站点实现固定样地的建立,并将图像解算的胸径值与实地调查值进行对比,其平均相对误差为3.9%,解算均方根误差为1.2 cm。该方法在森林样地建立中有较好的应用前景。The accurate establishment of forest sample plot plays a key role in capturing the parameters characteristics and reveals the regular variation of the forest. To quickly and precisely measure the fixed constructions and trees of sample plots, methods which used CCD super station to carry out image pair observation of measuring tape were proposed. Setting up the instruments in the observation point was determined by the GPS/RTK with the help of total station coordinate measurement and angle measurement function to accurately record the exterior orientation elements of the CCD moment photography. To determine the coordinates of other observation points, the appropriate baseline length to establish the image pair observation was selected in order to extract the relative three-dimensional coordinates of the target location. The measuring tape method with the ＂S＂ type route, with a small amount of artificial repair and related coordinate system rotation transformation were carried out, to achieve the precise establishment of forest fixed sample and the diameter measurement. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can be used to achieve the establishment of fixed sample plots with fewer sites, and the DBH calculated by the photos were compared with field survey value. The average relative error was 3.9%, and the root mean square error was 1.2 cm respectively. The proposed method has good application prospect in forest sample plot establishment.

关 键 词：森林固定样地 CCD超站仪 摄影测量 样木坐标 胸径 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学]