某热电厂工人抑郁症状的流行病学特征  

Epidemiological Characteristics of Depressive Symptoms Among Thermal Power Plant Workers

作　　者：吴辉 周文慧 谷桂珍 余善法 

机构地区：[1]河南省职业病防治研究院劳动卫生科,河南郑州450052 [2]河南省职业病防治研究院办公室,河南郑州450052

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2016年第11期1059-1062,共4页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：河南省医学科技攻关计划重大项目(编号:201001009);河南省卫生科技创新型人才工程科技领军人才基金(编号:3022)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨抑郁症状在热电厂工人中的流行病学特征及其相关因素。[方法]以整群抽样方法,抽取某热电厂498名工人为研究对象。使用问卷调查其人口统计学特征、职业紧张相关因素和抑郁症状情况。应用SPSS 13.0软件对数据进行t检验、方差分析、χ2检验和多因素非条件logistic回归等统计学分析。[结果]有效问卷429份。热电厂工人的抑郁症状发生率为30.3%（130/429）;现工龄6~15年组的抑郁症状发生率为41.4%,高于≤6年组和〉15年组（P〈0.001）;单身或离异工人的抑郁症状的发生率为42.6%,高于已婚工人（χ2=7.31,P〈0.05）。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示：单身或离异、每日紧张感程度大、负性情绪多、角色冲突严重和躯体需求多是抑郁症状的危险因素（OR=4.560、3.013、4.808、1.815、1.890,均P〈0.05）,而高回报是保护因素（OR=0.424,P〈0.05）。[结论]热电厂工人的心理健康状况值得关注,可通过增加回报,缓解每日紧张感和负性情绪,减少角色冲突和躯体需求等来降低其发生抑郁症状的风险。[ Objective ] To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and impact factors of depressive symptoms among thermal power plant workers. [ Methods ] A cluster sampling survey was conducted among 498 thermal power plant workers using questionnaires to collect information of demographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, and occupational stressors. SPSS 13.0 software was employed to perform t-test, one-way ANOVA, Chi-square test, and non-conditional logistic regression analysis. [ Results ] There were 429 valid questionnaires. The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms was 30.3% （130/429）. The prevalence rate of depressive symptoms for the group with 6-15 years of seniority was 41.4%, which was higher than the group with ≤6 years of seniority and the group with 〉15 years of seniority （P〈0.001）. The prevalence rate for the single or divorced workers was 42.6%, which was higher than that of the married workers （X2=7.31, P 〈 0.05）. By non-conditional logistic regression analysis, single or divorced, higher daily tension, more negative emotion, more serious role conflict, and more physical demands were risk factors of depressive symptoms （OR=4.560, 3.013, 4.808, 1.815, and 1.890, all Ps 〈0.05）, but higher reward was a protective factor （OR=0.424, P〈0.05）. [ Conclusion ] The mental health status of workers in selected thermal power plant should be concerned. Increasing reward, alleviating daily tension and negative emotion, and reducing role conflict and physical demands may decrease the occurrence of depressive symptoms.

关 键 词：热电厂工人 抑郁症状 职业紧张 流行病学特征 整群抽样 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]